女醫師在學術醫學界獲得晉升的可能性小於男醫師
作者：
小柯機器人發布時間：2020/11/27 13:12:54
美國堪薩斯大學醫學中心Kimber P. Richter團隊研究了女醫師在學術醫學界的晉升狀況。2020年11月25日，《新英格蘭醫學雜誌》發表了該成果。
2000年，一項具有裡程碑意義的研究表明，1979-1997年從美國醫學院畢業的女性被提拔為學術醫學中心高級教職人員的可能性低於男性。尚不清楚這些差異是否繼續存在。
研究組將1979年至2013年所有美國醫學院畢業生的數據與2018年之前的教職員工數據進行了合併，並根據應屆畢業生中女性的比例比較了有望獲得晉升的女性百分比與實際獲得晉升的女性百分比。
研究組納入了來自134所美國醫學院的559098名畢業生的數據。在大多數隊列中，女性晉升為副教授或正教授或被任命為科室主任的人數少於預期。基礎科學和臨床部門的發現一致。研究組對所有隊列進行分析，在對畢業年份、種族或族裔和科室類型進行校正後，女性助理教授被提拔為副教授的可能性依然低於男性助理教授，風險比為0.76；同樣的性別差異還存在於晉升為正教授（0.77）和任命科室主任（0.46）中。這些晉升和任命方面的性別差異並沒有隨著時間的流逝而縮小，最近隊列的差異也沒有比先前隊列小。而在最近隊列中晉升為正教授方面，性別差異更大。
總而言之，在過去的35年中，學術醫學中心的女醫師被提拔為副教授或正教授或被任命為科室主任的可能性比男性低，並且隨著時間的推移，差距沒有明顯縮小。
附：英文原文
Title: Women Physicians and Promotion in Academic Medicine
Author: Kimber P. Richter, Ph.D., M.P.H.,, Lauren Clark, M.S.,, Jo A. Wick, Ph.D.,, Erica Cruvinel, Ph.D.,, Dianne Durham, Ph.D.,, Pamela Shaw, M.D.,, Grace H. Shih, M.D.,, Christie A. Befort, Ph.D.,, and Robert D. Simari, M.D.
Issue&Volume: 2020-11-25
Abstract:
Background
In 2000, a landmark study showed that women who graduated from U.S. medical schools from 1979 through 1997 were less likely than their male counterparts to be promoted to upper faculty ranks in academic medical centers. It is unclear whether these differences persist.
Methods
We merged data from the Association of American Medical Colleges on all medical school graduates from 1979 through 2013 with faculty data through 2018, and we compared the percentages of women who would be expected to be promoted on the basis of the proportion of women in the graduating class with the actual percentages of women who were promoted. We calculated Kaplan–Meier curves and used adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models to examine the differences between the early cohorts (1979–1997) and the late cohorts (1998–2013).
Results
The sample included 559,098 graduates from 134 U.S. medical schools. In most of the cohorts, fewer women than expected were promoted to the rank of associate or full professor or appointed to the post of department chair. Findings were similar across basic science and clinical departments. In analyses that included all the cohorts, after adjustment for graduation year, race or ethnic group, and department type, women assistant professors were less likely than their male counterparts to be promoted to associate professor (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74 to 0.78). Similar sex disparities existed in promotions to full professor (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.81) and appointments to department chair (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.54). These sex differences in promotions and appointments did not diminish over time and were not smaller in the later cohorts than in the earlier cohorts. The sex differences were even larger in the later cohorts with respect to promotion to full professor.
Conclusions
Over a 35-year period, women physicians in academic medical centers were less likely than men to be promoted to the rank of associate or full professor or to be appointed to department chair, and there was no apparent narrowing in the gap over time.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsa1916935
Source: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1916935