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Cartwright, I. (2020). Concentration vs. streamflow (CQ) relationships of major ions in south-eastern Australian rivers: Sources and fluxes of inorganic ions and nutrients. Applied Geochemistry, 120, 104680.
Ian Cartwright
澳大利亞莫納什大學
著名水文地質學家
作者簡介
Ian Cartwright,澳大利亞莫納什大學教授,著名水文地質學家。主要研究方向有:1. 地下水及地表水研究中地球化學示蹤劑的應用,如:利用14C和氚探測流域中水流的路徑和時間尺度;2. 利用主要離子和穩定同位素地球化學研究水巖相互作用、風化和蒸散過程;3. 利用氡和主要離子檢測地下水進入河流的位置與通量;4. 利用C同位素研究河流碳的來源與歸趨。目前已發表論文200餘篇,總引用7000餘次,h指數46。該作者還在Applied Geochemistry上發表過多篇高影響力文章,如
Documenting the processes that control the geochemistry of rivers at different streamflows is important for understanding catchment processes and calculating solute fluxes. The concentrations of most major ions (Na, Ca, K, Mg, HCO3, Cl, and SO4) in southeast Australia rivers vary little with streamflow and can be defined as being chemostatic or chemodynamic. By contrast, NO3 concentrations generally increase at higher streamflows and NO3 locally displays flushing behaviour. Catchments draining different landscapes, including cleared low-relief sedimentary basins and mountainous basement areas with high percentages of native vegetation show similar behaviour. Additionally, there is no significant difference in the geochemical behaviour of smaller tributaries and higher-order rivers. These geochemical relationships are best explained by an increased baseflow input augmented by water mobilised from soil water, water from the saturated zone, or shallow groundwater during times of higher streamflow. Solute fluxes are well correlated with streamflow allowing first-order calculation of net solute exports.Most major ions in rivers in southeast Australia are chemostatic.Nutrients locally display flushing behavior.Limited dilution with runoffRiver water at high stream flows displaced from shallow stores in catchments.Little impact of land use, topography or geology.研究不同徑流量下控制河流地球化學的過程,對於理解匯水過程和計算溶質通量至關重要。由於雨水或者地表徑流中許多主要離子的濃度低於基流,因此河流中地表徑流的貢獻會降低河水的離子濃度。因此,溶質濃度(C)和徑流量(Q)通常呈負相關關係,且被定義為以下關係式:b值表示log(C) vs. log (Q)中的斜率,可指示流域內離子濃度隨流量變化的影響。例如,在基流被流域內不斷增加的地表徑流稀釋的情況下,b= -1。然而,在大多數流域中,主要陽離子和陰離子的b值都接近於0,表明稀釋作用較小,這種情況下,溶質濃度與徑流量關係不大,通常被稱為化學穩態行為(Chemostatic)。推薦閱讀