大腦細胞類型的遺傳鑑定揭示帕金森氏病產生原因
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/4/29 10:27:05
瑞典卡羅林斯卡學院Patrick F. Sullivan、Jens Hjerling-Leffler等研究人員合作,利用大腦細胞類型的遺傳鑑定揭示了帕金森氏病產生的原因。該項研究成果於2020年4月27日在線發表在《自然—遺傳學》上。
研究人員將全基因組關聯研究結果與來自整個小鼠神經系統的單細胞轉錄組數據進行整合,從而系統地識別了大腦複雜性狀背後的細胞類型。研究人員表明,精神疾病主要與投射的興奮性和抑制性神經元有關。神經系統疾病與不同的細胞類型有關,這與其他證據相一致。
值得注意的是,帕金森氏病不僅與膽鹼能和單胺能神經元(包括多巴胺能神經元)遺傳相關,而且與腸道神經元和少突膠質細胞遺傳相關。使用死後腦轉錄組數據,即使在疾病進展的最早階段,研究人員也證實了這些細胞的改變。
這項研究為理解複雜腦部疾病的細胞基礎提供了重要框架,並揭示了少突膠質細胞在帕金森氏病中的未知作用。
據悉,全基因組關聯研究已經發現了數百個與複雜的腦部疾病相關的基因座,但目前尚不清楚這些基因座在哪種細胞類型中活躍。
附:英文原文
Title: Genetic identification of cell types underlying brain complex traits yields insights into the etiology of Parkinson’s disease
Author: Julien Bryois, Nathan G. Skene, Thomas Folkmann Hansen, Lisette J. A. Kogelman, Hunna J. Watson, Zijing Liu, Leo Brueggeman, Gerome Breen, Cynthia M. Bulik, Ernest Arenas, Jens Hjerling-Leffler, Patrick F. Sullivan
Issue&Volume: 2020-04-27
Abstract: Genome-wide association studies have discovered hundreds of loci associated with complex brain disorders, but it remains unclear in which cell types these loci are active. Here we integrate genome-wide association study results with single-cell transcriptomic data from the entire mouse nervous system to systematically identify cell types underlying brain complex traits. We show that psychiatric disorders are predominantly associated with projecting excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Neurological diseases were associated with different cell types, which is consistent with other lines of evidence. Notably, Parkinson’s disease was genetically associated not only with cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons (which include dopaminergic neurons) but also with enteric neurons and oligodendrocytes. Using post-mortem brain transcriptomic data, we confirmed alterations in these cells, even at the earliest stages of disease progression. Our study provides an important framework for understanding the cellular basis of complex brain maladies, and reveals an unexpected role of oligodendrocytes in Parkinson’s disease.
DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0610-9
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-020-0610-9