該篇是雙語文章-論文寫作序列（共5篇）中的最後1篇。
English has a strict order in which words can appear in a sentence. Just two or three badly constructed sentences may be enough for referees to initially recommend rejecting a paper and suggest having the English revised. Following some basic rules to writing sentences is very important.
英語中，單詞出現在句子中的順序很嚴格. 只要兩三個結構糟糕的句子可能就足以讓審稿人一開始就建議拒絕一篇論文，並建議修改英文。寫句子的時候遵循一些基本的語序規則就尤為重要。
Basic word order in English
英語的基本語序
English has a strict order in which words can appear in a sentence. S1 shows an
example of this order.
英語中，單詞出現在句子中的順序很嚴格。請參考例句S1。
S1. The researchers sent their manuscript to the journal.
This order is rarely altered. It is:
1. subject (the researchers)
2. verb (sent)
3. direct object (their manuscript)
4. indirect object (the journal)
The key is to keep the subject, verb, direct object and indirect object as close to each
other as possible. This is illustrated in S2, which maintains the exact order of S1.
遵循英語語序的關鍵是要保證主語、動詞、直接賓語和間接賓語要儘量接近。請參考例句S2，S2保持了與S1相同的順序。
S2. Last week the researchers sent their manuscript to the journal for the second time.
S3. * The researchers last week sent for the second time to the journal their manuscript.
S3 is incorrect English. The position of last week and for the second time is wrong,and the indirect object comes before the direct object.
S3是不正確的，Last week和for the second time的位置不對。而且把間接賓語放在了直接賓語之前。
Choose the most relevant subject and put it at the beginning of the sentence
選擇最相關的主語，並把它放在句首
Clear English requires that you put the subject at the beginning of the sentence, however you may have a choice of possible subjects.
清晰的英語要求你把主語放在句子的開頭，然而，你可以選擇可能的主語。
X was elicited by Y.
Y elicited X.
In the simple example above, your choice will depend on whether you want to emphasize X or Y. The one you want to emphasize should be put as the subject. 在上面的簡單例子中，你的選擇取決於你想強調的是X還是y。你想強調的應該作為主語。
The sentences below (S1–S4) come from a paper written by a physicist in a physics journal. They all contain exactly the same information. However, there are four possible subjects:
下面的句子 (S1-S4) 是來自一位物理學家在一本物理學雜誌上發表的論文。它們都包含完全相同的信息。然而，有四個可能的主語:
S1. Particularly interesting for researchers in physics is the new feature, named X, for calculating velocity.
S2. Physics now has a new feature, named X, for calculating velocity.
S3. Velocity can now be calculated with a new feature, named X, which is particularly interesting
for physicists.
S4. X is a new feature for calculating velocity. It is particularly interesting for physicists.
Choose the subject that leads to the most concise sentence
選擇能讓句子最簡潔的主語
If your sentence is short and you have two possible subjects, which you could indifferently put at the beginning of the sentence, then choose the subject that will give the shortest sentence (S2 rather than S1).
如果你的句子很短，你有兩個可能的主語，你可以把它們放在句子的開頭，然後選擇給出最短的句子一個主語 (S2而不是S1)。
S1. The most significant values are highlighted in Table 1.
S2. Table 1 highlights the most significant values.
Shorter sentences are often obtained by using active (S2) rather than passive (S1)verbs.
較短的句子通常使用主動(S2)而不是被動(S1)動詞。
Don’t use a pronoun (it, they) before you introduce the noun (i.e. the subject of the sentence) that the pronoun refers to.
在引入名詞（比如句子的主語）之前不要用指示代詞（it，they）
It is OK to use a pronoun at the beginning of the sentence, provided that this pronoun refers back to a noun in a previous sentence. For example:
在句首使用代詞是可以的，但必須保證這個代詞指的是前一句中的某一個名詞,比如：
S1. Beeswax is a very important substance because ... In fact, it is ...
In S1 it is clear that it refers to beeswax. But in S2 it refers to a noun that comes after (i.e. a forward reference). The reader does not know what the pronoun refers to and thus has to wait to find out.
在S1中，很容易看出It指代beeswax, 但是在S2中，It指代的是後面出現的名詞。讀者一開始並不知道it指代的是什麼，必須等帶後面才知道。
S2. *Although it is a very stable and chemically inert material, studies have verified that the composition of beeswax is …
S3. Although beeswax is a very stable and chemically inert material, studies have verified that its composition is …
S3 immediately tells the reader what the subject is.
S3直截了當的告訴讀者主語是什麼。
Keep the subject and verb as close as possible to each other
主語和動詞儘量靠在一起
Word order in written English tends to reflect the way English is spoken. When native speakers talk they usually keep the subject and verb as close as possible. This is because the verb contains important information.
書面語的語序往往反映英語的口語方式。當以英語為母語的人說話時，他們通常把主語和動詞儘可能地放在一起。這是因為動詞包含了重要的信息。
If you insert more than a couple of words between the subject and the verb this will interrupt the reader’s train of thought. In any case readers will consider this parenthetical information to be of less importance.
如果你在主語和動詞之間插入超過兩三個詞，就會打斷讀者的思路。在任何情況下，讀者都會認為插入的信息是不那麼重要的。
Sentences are much easier to read if they flow logically from step to step, without any deviations.
如果句子每一步都符合邏輯，不受幹擾，就會更加易讀。
S1. The result, after the calculation has been made, can be used to determine Y.
S2. After the calculation has been made, the result can be used to determine Y.
S2 is much better thanS1.
S2優於S1
Avoid creating strings of nouns that describe other nouns
避免描述其他名詞的名詞串
Native speakers do tend to string nouns together, but they intuitively know how to do it. In fact, they are not following any written rules, but they base themselves on examples that already exist. If you are a non-native speaker， we strongly recommend that you verify on Google Scholar that your proposed string of nouns already exists and has been used by native English-speaking authors. 以英語為母語的人確實傾向於把名詞串在一起，但他們直覺上知道怎麼做。事實上，他們並沒有遵循任何書面規則，而是基於已經存在的例子。如果你的母語不是英語，我們強烈建議你在google Scholar上驗證一下，你提出的一系列名詞的確已經存在，並且已經被以英語為母語的作者使用過。
Of course, rules tend to have exceptions. The rules given here also have exceptions,
當然，規則往往有例外。這裡給出的規則也有例外。