近日,一篇《注意!這些字詞的拼音被改了!》的網絡熱帖刷屏各大社交媒體。文中舉了一大串讀音改變的例子,在文章中,許多念書時期的「規範讀音」現如今竟悄悄變成了「錯誤讀音」。隨後,這一事件也迅速登上微博熱搜榜。
對此,很多網友表示看不懂,紛紛表示,這麼多年的學白上了!
隨後,教育部語言文字應用研究所漢字拼音研究室的回應稱:還沒改!
回應中表示,網上大部分流傳的內容來自國家語委一個徵求意見稿,而這個徵求意見稿至今尚未正式發布。今後正式發布的「審音表」應該不完全和「徵求意見稿」一樣。目前所有讀音應該繼續遵循老的普通話審音表。
其實,也有一些讀音是很早就已經做出調整的了,比如呆板中的「呆」(dāi)在很多年前就已經廢除了ǎi這個讀音了。
有人認為,語言本就是約定俗成,讀音應該順應社會發展,少數服從多數,選擇大家的念法作為標準,十分正確。也有人認為,語言應該保持自身的文化特質,特別是古詩中的字,不能隨意聽從大眾的「誤讀」,進行更改。為此,他們還發明了個新詞。
An article named "Chinese characters whose pronunciations have changed" has swept across China’s social media platforms and triggered a lot of discussion recently. The article claims that the way some Chinese characters are pronounced have been changed, including the characters in some well-known sentences from ancient poems. The pronunciations which were considered to have been misread in the past are now the officially deemed correct.
An official from the Ministry of Education later responded that most of the so called 'new' pronunciations of Chinese online have not yet been confirmed. Many Chinese netizens said altering pronunciations would change the rhyme of the sentences in poems, ruining the beauty of Chinese literature. Supporters believe this is how language advances, and the pronunciations should adapt to the need of society, and follow the pronunciation read by most people, rather than remain in the past.
漢語博大精深,單單字音一項就讓學生時代的我們受盡「折磨」,更是難倒了一大片學漢語的外國朋友。
「一聲平,二聲揚,三聲拐彎,四聲降」的漢語四聲音調也讓外國朋友們「苦不堪言」。
漢語的難學程度,從各國群眾的吐槽裡就可以看出來。
比如不同語言要表達「一個人聽不懂另一個人在說什麼」的時候,漢語就頻頻「躺槍」 。
"To jest dla mnie chinszczyzna!"
(「這對我來說簡直就是中文!」)
"μου φαινεται κινεζικο."
(「聽著就跟漢語似的。」)
"Parca e Chineza!"
(「就像漢語一樣!」)
"Это для меня китайская грамота."
(「對我來說,這就是個漢語文獻。」)
"Onpas Kiinalainen jutuu!"
(「這都什麼漢語似的玩意兒啊!」)
"Para mi es chino."
(「對我來說像中文一樣。」)
漢語雖然難學,卻沒有阻礙那些在「漢語學習路」上下求索的外國朋友們。
「全世界都在學中國話,孔夫子的話越來越國際化」如今不再僅僅只是一句歌詞。
學習漢語的外國人數量在不斷增加,漢語也被納入許多國家的入學考試和教學大綱裡。
去年11月,俄羅斯聯邦教育科學監督局表示,2019年漢語將被正式納入俄羅斯「高考」——國家統一考試;在素有「英國高考」之稱的A-level考試中,去年選考漢語的考生人數首次超過德語,漢語也因此成為英國第三大熱門外語;2017年12月,愛爾蘭公布了2017-2026年外語教學戰略,其中的一大重要舉措就是將漢語納入愛爾蘭高中結業考試。
Though the Chinese language is widely acknowledged as one of the hardest languages to learn, an increasing number of foreigners are studying it. Chinese has been added to important national exams and the language learning strategies of some countries.
Russia's Federal Service for the Supervision of Education and Science in November announced that the Unified State Exam, the national college entrance exam in Russia, will include Chinese as an elective foreign language starting 2019.
In last year's A-levels, a public exam taken by high school students in the UK, 3,334 students opted for Chinese tests, compared to 3,058 taking German, making it the UK’s third most popular foreign language.
The Irish government in December 2017 released a decade-long foreign language teaching strategy, which announced that Chinese would be introduced as a subject in Ireland’s Leaving Certificate exam, the final examination in the Irish middle school system.
除了持續升溫的「漢語熱」,漢語的影響也滲透到了其他語言中,比如英語中就出現了許多中式英語表達。
以前常被嘲笑的Chinglish 「long time no see」(好久不見),如今已經成為了英語中的日常用語。
去年10月,中式英文「add oil」(加油)一詞還被收錄進權威詞典《牛津英語詞典》。
類似的例子還有很多。據《牛津英語詞典》編輯部統計,該詞典目前收錄了約250個漢語外來詞,比如「taikonaut」(太空人,指中國太空人)、「guanxi」(關係)、「fengshui」(風水)、「hongbao」(紅包)等。
Chinese has already had an impact on other languages. For example, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) added the Chinglish phrase "add oil" into the dictionary in its October update. "Add oil" is a direct English translation of the Chinese phrase "jiayou'. Due to the versatility of Chinese language, "jiayou" can mean both "going ahead" and "refueling" in Chinese. Translating "jiayou" into "add oil" to encourage others or cheer them up was regarded as a jokey and unidiomatic Chinglish expression in the past. But now, "add oil" has been recognized by the OED as the official English translation of "jiayou" to express "encouragement, incitement or support for someone else".
According to OED statistics, there are about 250 Chinese loanwords in the dictionary, such as "taikonaut" (a word referring to Chinese astronauts, consisted of the Chinese word "taikong" and the English term "astronaut"), "guanxi"(relationships and one's social or business network), "fengshui"(a system of spiritual energies, both good and evil, present in the natural features of landscapes) and "hongbao"(a monetary gift usually given during the Spring Festival).