科學家研發出大腦皮層類器官體
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2019/8/30 14:27:35
近日,加州大學聖地牙哥分校Alysson R. Muotri及其研究團隊開發出模擬早期人腦網絡發育的大腦皮層類器官體,並且能夠產生複雜的神經震蕩波。相關論文2019年8月29日在線發表於國際學術期刊《細胞—幹細胞》雜誌上。
研究人員開發了人類大腦皮層類器官體,其在成熟過程中動態改變細胞類群,並在幾個月的時間內表現出電活動的持續增加。自發網絡形成顯示出依賴於穀氨酸能和GABA能信號傳導的周期性和規律性波動事件。波動活動會轉變為更多的時空不規則模式,以及出現同步化網絡事件,這類似於早產人腦電圖中觀察到的特徵。這些結果表明,人類新皮質模型中結構化網絡活動的發育可能遵循穩定的遺傳規劃。這個方法為研究和操縱網絡活動在發育中的人類皮層中的作用提供了可能。
據悉,大腦早期成熟過程中的結構和轉錄變化遵循遺傳學定義的固定發育圖譜。然而,這是否適用於功能性網絡活動仍然未知,主要是由於針對活人大腦的初始階段的實驗難以實現。
附:英文原文
Title: Complex Oscillatory Waves Emerging from Cortical Organoids Model Early Human Brain Network Development
Author: Cleber A. Trujillo, Richard Gao, Priscilla D. Negraes, Jing Gu, Justin Buchanan, Sebastian Preissl, Allen Wang, Wei Wu, Gabriel G. Haddad, Isaac A. Chaim, Alain Domissy, Matthieu Vandenberghe, Anna Devor, Gene W. Yeo, Bradley Voytek, Alysson R. Muotri
Issue&Volume: 29 August 2019
Abstract: Structural and transcriptional changes during early brain maturation follow fixed developmental programs defined by genetics. However, whether this is true for functional network activity remains unknown, primarily due to experimental inaccessibility of the initial stages of the living human brain. Here, we developed human cortical organoids that dynamically change cellular populations during maturation and exhibited consistent increases in electrical activity over the span of several months. The spontaneous network formation displayed periodic and regular oscillatory events that were dependent on glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling. The oscillatory activity transitioned to more spatiotemporally irregular patterns, and synchronous network events resembled features similar to those observed in preterm human electroencephalography. These results show that the development of structured network activity in a human neocortex model may follow stable genetic programming. Our approach provides opportunities for investigating and manipulating the role of network activity in the developing human cortex.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2019.08.002
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/fulltext/S1934-5909(19)30337-6#