基因拷貝數可預測食管癌發病的可能性
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/9/9 17:15:10
英國劍橋大學Rebecca C. Fitzgerald和歐洲生物信息學研究所(EMBL-EBI)Moritz Gerstung研究小組合作取得一項新成果。經過不懈努力,他們發現食道癌在轉移前幾年可通過基因組拷貝數預測。該項研究成果發表在2020年9月7日出版的《自然-醫學》上。
研究人員以腫瘤前體病變Barrett食管為例,評估這些基因組信號是否可用於早期檢測和先發性癌症的治療。研究人員從一項長達15年對Barrett食管檢測計劃中抽取了88名患者進行研究,對777例活檢樣品進行了淺層全基因組測序,結果表明,即使在進行組織病理學轉化10年前,基因組信號也可以將疾病進展與穩定狀態區分開來。這些發現在76名和248名患者這兩個獨立隊列中得到了驗證。
該方法成本低,適用於標準臨床活檢樣品。與當前基於組織病理學和臨床表現的方法相比,基因組分類可以對高危患者進行早期治療,並減少對不太可能患病患者進行不必要的治療和監測。
研究人員表示,最近的研究表明,非整倍性和驅動基因突變的發生早於癌症診斷數年。
附:英文原文
Title: Genomic copy number predicts esophageal cancer years before transformation
Author: Sarah Killcoyne, Eleanor Gregson, David C. Wedge, Dan J. Woodcock, Matthew D. Eldridge, Rachel de la Rue, Ahmad Miremadi, Sujath Abbas, Adrienn Blasko, Cassandra Kosmidou, Wladyslaw Januszewicz, Aikaterini Varanou Jenkins, Moritz Gerstung, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
Issue&Volume: 2020-09-07
Abstract: Recent studies show that aneuploidy and driver gene mutations precede cancer diagnosis by many years1,2,3,4. We assess whether these genomic signals can be used for early detection and pre-emptive cancer treatment using the neoplastic precursor lesion Barrett’s esophagus as an exemplar5. Shallow whole-genome sequencing of 777 biopsies, sampled from 88 patients in Barrett’s esophagus surveillance over a period of up to 15years, shows that genomic signals can distinguish progressive from stable disease even 10years before histopathological transformation. These findings are validated on two independent cohorts of 76 and 248 patients. These methods are low-cost and applicable to standard clinical biopsy samples. Compared with current management guidelines based on histopathology and clinical presentation, genomic classification enables earlier treatment for high-risk patients as well as reduction of unnecessary treatment and monitoring for patients who are unlikely to develop cancer.
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1033-y
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-1033-y