少突膠質細胞分泌的鐵蛋白重鏈為神經元提供抗氧化能力
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/6/12 21:37:02
少突膠質細胞通過分泌鐵蛋白重鏈為神經元提供抗氧化防禦功能,這一成果由德國慕尼黑工業大學Mikael Simons和德國神經退行性疾病中心(DZNE)Anja Schneider研究組合作取得。相關論文在線發表在2020年6月11日的《細胞-代謝》雜誌上。
為了鑑定神經膠質細胞產生的對神經元具有重要功能的分子,研究人員利用果蠅作為工具進行了篩選,隨後將發現的結果在小鼠中進行了驗證。研究發現在神經膠質分泌途徑中,發揮功能的貨物受體通過調節鐵平衡來維持軸突的完整性。研究人員發現鐵蛋白重鏈是關鍵的分泌物,這是保護鐵介導的鐵蛋白軸突損傷所必需的。
在小鼠中,少突膠質細胞高度表達鐵蛋白重鏈,並通過涉及細胞外囊泡的非常規分泌途徑分泌。破壞少突膠質細胞中細胞外小泡的釋放或鐵蛋白重鏈的表達會引起小鼠神經元丟失和氧化損傷。這些數據揭示了少突膠質細胞在抗氧化防禦系統和神經元抵抗鐵介導細胞毒性中的作用。
據了解,在進化上,膠質細胞的保守功能維持了神經元的代謝和結構。
附:英文原文
Title: Oligodendrocytes Provide Antioxidant Defense Function for Neurons by Secreting Ferritin Heavy Chain
Author: Chaitali Mukherjee, Tina Kling, Belisa Russo, Kerstin Miebach, Eva Kess, Martina Schifferer, Liliana D. Pedro, Ulrich Weikert, Maryam K. Fard, Nirmal Kannaiyan, Moritz Rossner, Marie-Louise Aicher, Sandra Goebbels, Klaus-Armin Nave, Eva-Maria Krmer-Albers, Anja Schneider, Mikael Simons
Issue&Volume: 2020-06-11
Abstract: An evolutionarily conserved function of glia is to provide metabolic and structuralsupport for neurons. To identify molecules generated by glia and with vital functionsfor neurons, we used Drosophila melanogaster as a screening tool, and subsequently translated the findings to mice. We found thata cargo receptor operating in the secretory pathway of glia was essential to maintainaxonal integrity by regulating iron buffering. Ferritin heavy chain was identifiedas the critical secretory cargo, required for the protection against iron-mediatedferroptotic axonal damage. In mice, ferritin heavy chain is highly expressed by oligodendrocytesand secreted by employing an unconventional secretion pathway involving extracellularvesicles. Disrupting the release of extracellular vesicles or the expression of ferritinheavy chain in oligodendrocytes causes neuronal loss and oxidative damage in mice.Our data point to a role of oligodendrocytes in providing an antioxidant defense systemto support neurons against iron-mediated cytotoxicity.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.05.019
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(20)30300-4