施萬細胞的糖酵解轉變影響軸突損傷
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/8/19 16:21:53
美國紐約州立大學布法羅分校Bogdan Beirowski小組的最新發現表明,施萬細胞的糖酵解轉變影響軸突損傷。這一研究成果於2020年8月17日在線發表在國際學術期刊《自然—神經科學》上。
研究人員發現,由於施萬細胞(SC,周圍神經系統的神經膠質)通過顯著性的糖酵解上調來保護受損的軸突,這是作為對軸突損傷的一種固有適應性。這種糖酵解反應與增強的軸突-膠質細胞代謝耦合相結合,從而促進軸突的存活。SC中的糖酵解轉變在很大程度上由代謝信號樞紐(mTOR1)以及下遊轉錄因子低氧誘導因子1α和c-Myc共同驅動,它們共同促進了糖酵解基因的表達。
通過這種途徑對神經膠質糖酵解活性的操縱使研究人員能夠在急性和亞急性齧齒動物軸突變性模型中加速或延遲受擾動的軸突變性。因此,研究人員證明了控制受傷軸突命運的非細胞自主代謝機制。
據介紹,軸突變性是許多神經退行性疾病的標誌。目前的假設認為受傷軸突退化的決定是細胞自主調節的。
附:英文原文
Title: A glycolytic shift in Schwann cells supports injured axons
Author: Elisabetta Babetto, Keit Men Wong, Bogdan Beirowski
Issue&Volume: 2020-08-17
Abstract: Axon degeneration is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders. The current assumption is that the decision of injured axons to degenerate is cell-autonomously regulated. Here we show that Schwann cells (SCs), the glia of the peripheral nervous system, protect injured axons by virtue of a dramatic glycolytic upregulation that arises in SCs as an inherent adaptation to axon injury. This glycolytic response, paired with enhanced axon–glia metabolic coupling, supports the survival of axons. The glycolytic shift in SCs is largely driven by the metabolic signaling hub, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, and the downstream transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and c-Myc, which together promote glycolytic gene expression. The manipulation of glial glycolytic activity through this pathway enabled us to accelerate or delay the degeneration of perturbed axons in acute and subacute rodent axon degeneration models. Thus, we demonstrate a non-cell-autonomous metabolic mechanism that controls the fate of injured axons.
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0689-4
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-020-0689-4