膠質細胞代謝重塑促進軸突再生和中樞神經系統的功能恢復
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/9/18 15:47:57
美國賓夕法尼亞大學Yuanquan Song、天普大學Shuxin Li等研究人員合作發現,膠質細胞代謝重塑促進軸突再生和中樞神經系統的功能恢復。2020年9月16日,國際知名學術期刊《細胞—代謝》在線發表了這一成果。
研究人員表示,軸切術後成熟中樞神經系統(CNS)中的軸突無法再生,部分原因是由反應性神經膠質細胞產生的星形膠質細胞瘢痕、硫酸軟骨素蛋白多糖和髓鞘質碎片構成的抑制環境。
研究人員測試了這種抑制性環境,並表明它是可逆的且取決於神經膠質的代謝狀態。研究人員發現,神經膠質細胞可以被重新編程,進而通過增加的糖酵解促進果蠅中樞神經系統損傷後的形態和功能再生。這種增強作用是由神經膠質衍生的代謝物:L-乳酸和L-2-羥基戊二酸酯(L-2HG)介導的。
從遺傳/藥理上增加或減少其生物活性可促進或阻礙中樞神經系統軸突再生。來自神經膠質細胞的L-乳酸和L-2HG作用於神經元代謝型GABAB受體,從而增強cAMP信號傳導。L-乳酸在受傷脊髓的局部應用促進了皮質脊髓束軸突的再生,促使成年小鼠的行為恢復。
這些發現揭示了一種新的代謝方式,其可繞開膠質細胞的抑制作用,同時擴大其對中樞神經系統損傷的有益作用。
附:英文原文
Title: Glial Metabolic Rewiring Promotes Axon Regeneration and Functional Recovery in the Central Nervous System
Author: Feng Li, Armin Sami, Harun N. Noristani, Kieran Slattery, Jingyun Qiu, Thomas Groves, Shuo Wang, Kelly Veerasammy, Yuki X. Chen, Jorge Morales, Paula Haynes, Amita Sehgal, Ye He, Shuxin Li, Yuanquan Song
Issue&Volume: 2020-09-16
Abstract: Axons in the mature central nervous system (CNS) fail to regenerate after axotomy,partly due to the inhibitory environment constituted by reactive glial cells producingastrocytic scars, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, and myelin debris. We investigatedthis inhibitory milieu, showing that it is reversible and depends on glial metabolicstatus. We show that glia can be reprogrammed to promote morphological and functionalregeneration after CNS injury in Drosophila via increased glycolysis. This enhancement is mediated by the glia derived metabolites:L-lactate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2HG). Genetically/pharmacologically increasingor reducing their bioactivity promoted or impeded CNS axon regeneration. L-lactateand L-2HG from glia acted on neuronal metabotropic GABAB receptors to boost cAMP signaling. Local application of L-lactate to injured spinalcord promoted corticospinal tract axon regeneration, leading to behavioral recoveryin adult mice. Our findings revealed a metabolic switch to circumvent the inhibitionof glia while amplifying their beneficial effects for treating CNS injuries.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.015
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(20)30475-7