Let 's take these on one by one.
Are people who engage in sexual misconduct actually making scientific advances that would not be made without them? I'd say it's more likely that swifter, greater advances would have occurred if there were fewer perpetrators limiting opportunities for their victims. When part of your brain has to be occupied with workplace stress-from unwanted sexual advances to witnessing abuse between colleagues-you have less to give to your science.
If we punish these perpetrators, especially by taking away their funding, won't their trainees suffer? I wonder how many grad students would be better off, relieved of the pressures of working for a predator. As federal funding agencies grapple with this problem, they have begun to figure out solutions, such as assigning a new principal investigator if the original one can’t continue. It doesn’t kill the project or leave students and staff out of their jobs. Removing the perpetrator from a project also saves the pedigree of the trainees; few want their published work tainted with the name of a known sexual harasser.
The last concern is the trickiest: Why don’t we do anything when we know about the perpetrators in our midst? So far, consequences for scientist-harassers are few and far between. In academia it’s common to get sanctions like 「no more female grad students」 or 「no more undergraduate teaching」 or 「please work at home for now.」 These are mild punishments at best, but departments are unsure what other options they have—and universities don’t make it easy to fire professors. The institutions know that perpetrators generally have more resources that victims and are more likely to sue if they are fired. It is a good financial decision, then, to do nothing about a perpetrator, even if they are guilty.
1. occupy
• 英 ['ɒkjʊpaɪ] 美 ['ɑkjupaɪ]
• vt.佔據，佔領；居住；使忙碌
E：
1）He occupied the house without paying any rent.
他住在這棟房子裡，沒有付一分錢房租。
2）Football occupies most of my leisure time.
足球佔去了我大部分的閒暇時間。
3）Occupy my wife with shopping while I’m going to address the meeting.
在我出席會議發表講話時，請讓我的妻子去購物吧。
P：
occupy oneself in doing sth. 從事…，使自己忙於…
S：inhabit, reside, lodge in, fill, take, use up
2. relieve
• 英 [rɪ'liːv] 美 [rɪ'liv]
• vt.減輕，緩解（疼痛或不快的感覺）；緩和，緩解（問題的難度或嚴重性）；換…的班；使不單調，調劑；使放心，使寬慰
E：
1）Drugs helped to relieve the pain.
藥物有助於舒緩疼痛。
2）Some people eat for comfort, to relieve their anxieties.
有些人進食是為了尋找安慰，緩解焦慮。
3）The schemes are not sufficient to prevent, only to relieve, poverty brought about by sickness.
（農村醫保）制度不足以防止因病致貧，僅能夠減輕其嚴重程度。
4）At seven o』clock the night nurse came in to relieve her.
7點鐘時值夜班的護士進來接了她的班。
5）They often danced to relieve the dull evening.
他們晚上無聊時常常以跳舞來調劑。
6）We were relieved to hear you were admitted to a university.
聽說你考上了大學我們就放心了。
P:
relieve sb. of sth. 解除（某人）的負擔；解除某人的職務、職位
relieve from … 使從…中解脫出來
relieve stress 減壓，緩解壓力
relieve oneself 上廁所，解手
S: allay, mitigate, moderate, ameliorate, free, discharge
3. grapple
• 英 ['græp(ə)l] 美 ['græpl]
• vi.格鬥，扭打；全力以赴，盡力克服、對付或解決
E:
1）Two men grappled with a guard at the door.
兩個男人和一個門衛在門口扭打。
2）The government has to grapple with the problem of unemployment.
政府必須盡力解決失業問題。
P：grapple with … 扭打；努力克服
• vt.用抓鉤抓住，鉤住；握牢，握住；與…搏鬥
E：
1）Grapple a boat to a wharf with a steel hook.
用鐵錨將船固定在碼頭上。
2）The thug grappled him around the neck.
那歹徒從頸後把他抓住。
S: wrestle, grasp, clutch
·n.抓住；格鬥
4. pedigree
• 英 ['pedɪgriː] 美 ['pɛdɪɡri]
• n.（家畜的）種，純種，血統記錄；（人的）背景，出身，血統，門第
E:
1) 60 percent of dogs and ten percent of cats have pedigrees.
60%的狗和10%的貓都有血統記錄。
2) Hammer’s business pedigree almost guaranteed him the acquaintance of presidents.
哈默的商業背景幾乎保證了他與幾位總統的相識。
P：
family pedigree 家族譜
pedigree chart 系譜圖；家譜；譜系圖
S：lineage, birth, blood, ancestry, background, history
• adj.純種的
E：A pedigree pup should have been inoculated against serious diseases before it’s sold.
純種狗應該在出售前注射預防嚴重疾病的針。
S：purebred, thoroughbred
5. taint
• 英 [teɪnt] 美 [tent]
• vt.汙染；腐蝕；玷汙（名譽），毀壞（名聲）
E:
1）The water had been tainted with a deadly toxin.
水被致命毒素汙染。
2）Baker argues that his trial was tainted by negative publicity.
貝克抗辯說他的審判受到了負面宣傳的影響。
P:
taint sth. with sth. 用…汙染…
taint one’s reputation 玷汙某人的名譽
S：pollute, contaminate, corrupt, spoil
• vi.腐敗，腐爛；受汙染
E：Meat will readily taint in close weather.
肉在悶熱天氣易腐敗。
S：spoil
• n.汙點；感染
E：The city has suffered for many years under the taint of corruption.
該城市多年遭受腐敗之苦。
6. tricky
• 英 ['trɪkɪ] 美 ['trɪki]
• adj.狡猾的，詭計多端的；難對付的，棘手的；需要技巧的
E:
1）The tricky street pedlar cheated the girl into giving him all her money.
狡猾的攤販把小姑娘的錢全騙走了。
2）Parking can be tricky downtown.
在市中心停車會很難。
P：Nothing tricky. 別耍花招。
S：dodgy, crafty, designing, knowing; tough, difficult, knotty, ticklish
7. sanction
• 英 ['sæŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n] 美 ['sæŋkʃən]
• n. [plural:-s]制裁; [C]處罰；[U]認可,支持
E:
1）The UN security council may impose economic sanctions.
聯合國安理會可能會實施經濟制裁。
2）Apparently, the aide had acted without White House sanction.
這名助理的所作所為顯然未經過白宮的批准。
P:
economic sanctions 經濟制裁
legal sanctions 法律制裁
administrative sanctions 行政處分
S: penalty, punishment; approval, support, allowance
• vt.批准，認可；對…實行懲罰，對…實行制裁
E：
1）The church refused to sanction the king’s second marriage.
教會拒絕批准國王的第二次婚姻。
2）「The new restrictions do not exhaust our opportunities to sanction Iran,」 she said.
她說，新的限制措施並未用盡我們制裁伊朗的機會。
P:
be sanctioned by sth. 為某事物所認可
sanction the embargo against （a country） 對（某國）實行禁運制裁
S: approve, allow; punish
8. sue
• 英 [s(j)uː] 美 [su]
• vt./vi.控告，向…提出訴訟；要求，請求
E：
1）I can sue you for slander.
我可以控告你進行誣陷。
2）He sued them for damage.
他要求他們賠償損失。
3) He has sued on the ground of being dismissed without any reason.
他已經以無故被革職為由提出了訴訟。
P:
sue sb. for libel/defamation/ slander 控告某人誹謗、誣陷
sue sb. for negligence 控告某人玩忽職守、失職
sue for pardon 請求寬恕
sue for a divorce 提出離婚訴訟
S：accuse, law; woo