入冬以後,
藍天白雲漸行漸遠,
北京及大部分北方城市
又陷入了四面「霾」伏。
霧霾,是霧和霾的組合詞。中國不少地區將霧併入霾一起作為災害性天氣現象進行預警預報,統稱為「霧霾天氣」。
霧霾一般有兩種譯法:haze和smog
haze
haze在很久很久以前,它的意思只是「濃霧」,而工業革命改變了這個詞的含義。
從18世界下半葉開始,西方國家逐漸掀起工業革命,以及城市化的推進,出現了煙霧騰騰的城鎮,也就是「霧霾」。
smog
smog是個拼合詞,由smoke和fog就構成這個單詞了。
smoke是「煙」的意思,其實更加接近霧霾的本質,因為從工廠排放出的有毒有害的煙就是smoke.而fog是霧,有霧(fog)也有霾(smoke),那就是霧霾(smog)了。
Mist, Fog, Smog, Haze 和Vog
Mist and fog are caused by water droplets in the air, and the only difference is how far you can see. The condition is called being foggy if you are not being able to see more than 1,000 meters in terms of airline industry and more than 200 meters in terms of civilian. If you can see further than that, it is mist.
Mist和fog是由空氣中的小水滴造成的,它們倆區分的條件是你能看清楚的距離有多遠。
如果你看不到超過1000米的航空視野範圍,看不到超過200米的城市視野範圍,這種情況被稱為fog。
如果您能看到的視野範圍更多,那就是mist(薄霧)。
Haze is the reflection of sunlight off air pollution, while smog is mostly made up of ozone. The term smog was first coined in the early 20th century in London to describe the low-hanging pollution that covered the city. And vog only happens when a nearby volcano is releasing sulfur dioxide into the air to react with what’s already there.
Haze是陽光反射空氣中的汙染物而形成的,而smog主要由臭氧構成。
Smog這個詞最早出現於20世紀初的倫敦,用來描述覆蓋整個城市的低空汙染。Vog只有在附近的火山向空氣中釋放二氧化硫並與那裡的物質發生反應時才會發生。
說到「霧霾」,還有一個詞我們經常會聽到——PM2.5
PM2.5就是指「可入肺顆粒物」,PM的英文全稱為particulate matter(微粒物質、懸浮微粒),PM2.5就是指大氣中直徑小於或等於2.5微米的顆粒物。
1. The smog is severe!
霧霾太嚴重了!
2. When the pollution gets really serious, I can't even see the buildings next to me.
霧霾太嚴重了,附近的建築都看不清了。
3. I'm very concerned about my son's health. If the air pollution stays like this, he won't ever be able to leave the house.
我很擔心我兒子的健康。如果空氣品質一直這麼差的話,他就不能去外面玩。
4. Strong cold air is in the forecast to blow away the smog.
天氣預報說有強冷空氣要來吹散霧霾了。
5. The weather forecast warned of winds of up to 60-miles-an-hour tomorrow.
天氣預報說明天有時速高達60英裡的大風。