本期精讀文章來自The Economist對於瑞士咖啡儲備的報導:Defending Switzerland’s coffee stockpile
瑞士之前一直維持著一個戰時物資儲備,其中包括食品、藥品以及動物飼料等。最近瑞士政府宣布接下來不再維持緊急物資儲備中的咖啡,以此來節省資金,但這引起了一些人的反對,因為咖啡對於瑞士人來說實在不可或缺。這篇短文對於這一事件進行了報導,並列舉了反對者的觀點。
(小標題中have-beans是作者創造出來的一個詞,它改編自has-beens(過氣人物),a nation of have-beans即「一個必須要有咖啡豆的國家」)
下面是對文章的全文分析:
首段介紹了事件背景:瑞士聯邦國民經濟供應辦公室宣布接下來不再花錢維持緊急物資儲備中的咖啡,以此來節省資金。
To defend their independence the Swiss have mountains, conscription and a fierce sense of self-reliance. They also have a vast stockpile of food, medicine, animal feed and cooking oil, which they have maintained since the 1920s.瑞士人擁有群山、強制徵兵制度和一股強烈的自力更生精神來捍衛自己的獨立性。自20世紀20年代以來,他們還一直保持著大量的食物、藥品、動物飼料和食用油儲備。
This makes sieges easier to withstand, but costs a fortune.這讓瑞士人更加容易應對封鎖,但這也花費不菲。
This指代上一句的內容"They also have a vast…the 1920s".
So in April the Federal Office for National Economic Supply announced a plan to trim it a little. In future, it suggested, it would no longer pay for a huge emergency supply of coffee.因此,聯邦國家經濟供給辦公室在今年4月份宣布了一項旨在略微削減物資儲備的計劃。它提議接下來它將不再為龐大的應急咖啡儲備付費。
In future在英式英語中用得比較多,它的意思相當於from now on(從今以後)。在英式英語中,in future和in the future是不同的用法,in the future相當於at some time in the future(在未來的某個時間點)。
舉個例子,「我相信在未來我們所有的衣服都會由塑料製成」,這句話應該翻譯為:I believe that in the future all our clothes will be made of plastic. 但是不能寫成:I believe that in future all our clothes will be made of plastic. 因為in future指的是「從今以後」,而句子中描述的場景目前還不能實現,只能等到未來的某一個時間點才可能成為現實。
第二段介紹了瑞士人對咖啡的喜愛和依賴程度之深。
The Alpine nation’s coffee-lovers and sellers choked on their macchiatos. Switzerland’s 8.5m residents sip around 9kg (20lb) of coffee per person annually, twice as much as Americans, according to the International Coffee Organisation.這一阿爾卑斯山脈國家的咖啡愛好者和銷售商聽到消息後大為震驚,在喝瑪奇朵咖啡時被噎住了。根據國際咖啡組織的數據,瑞士850萬居民每年每人大約喝9千克咖啡(20磅),是美國人的兩倍。
作者在這裡用The Alpine nation來指代Switzerland,這樣可以實現用詞多樣。
句子中提到的macchiato是一種常見的咖啡,了解一下不同咖啡對應的英文說法:
A Swiss breakfast without coffee would be like a Swiss army knife without a tool for removing stones from horses』 hooves.一頓沒有咖啡的瑞士早餐就像一把缺斤少兩的瑞士軍刀,這樣的瑞士軍刀少了用於清除馬蹄上石頭的工具。
以前瑞士軍刀主要是軍人在使用,他們會使用刀上的小工具來清除卡在馬蹄上的石頭,這一小工具甚至還有一個專門的名稱hoof pick,使用瑞士軍刀來清理馬蹄也是一個廣為人知的用法。作者在這句話中將咖啡與瑞士軍刀上的工具作對比,直觀說明了咖啡對瑞士早餐的重要性。
A poll on Twitter (paid for by Migros, a supermarket chain, which owns Delica, a coffee brand), found that two-thirds of respondents could barely imagine a life without coffee.推特上的一項民意調查發現(調查由連鎖超市品牌米格羅贊助,它擁有咖啡品牌「迪麗卡」),三分之二的受訪者幾乎無法想像沒有咖啡的生活。
The federal office took note of the outrage and postponed a decision about the plan’s implementation until next year. It may abandon it altogether.聯邦辦公室留意到了人們的憤怒,並將實施該計劃的決定推遲到明年。它可能會完全放棄該項計劃。
take note of something意思是「留意到某事,關注到某事」(to give attention to something, especially because it is important),我們可以用該表達來代替常用的pay attention to,例如:
Good employers should take note of the needs of their staff and try to meet their reasonable demands.
第三段對之前政府儲備咖啡的機制進行了介紹。
The 15 big Swiss coffee retailers, roasters and importers, such as Nestlé, are required by law to store heaps of raw coffee. Together, these mandated coffee reserves amount to about 15,000 tonnes—enough for three months』 consumption.根據法律規定,瑞士的15家大型咖啡零售商、烘焙商和進口商(例如雀巢)必須存儲大量的生咖啡豆。這些法定的咖啡儲備總計約15000噸,足夠三個月的消耗量。
第一句中加粗的coffee不是指咖啡這種飲品,而是指咖啡豆或咖啡粉(the roasted beans or powder from which coffee is made)
The government finances the storage costs through a levy on imports of coffee. All 15 companies are in favour of maintaining the coffee reserve—as long as they are paid for it.政府通過對咖啡進口徵稅來支付倉儲成本。所有的15家公司都贊成維持咖啡儲備——只要有人為此付錢。
結尾段列舉了需要維持咖啡儲備的理由。
IG Kaffee, a lobby group, asks why the government wants to scrap a stockpile that has served Switzerland so well.遊說組織IG Kaffee詢問政府為何要取消咖啡這一儲備,咖啡儲備對於瑞士非常有幫助。
something serves somebody well是一個很好用的表達,意思是「某事物對某人很有幫助」(to be useful or helpful to someone),例如要表達「他良好的人際交往能力對他創業很有幫助」,我們可以說:His ability to get on with people served him well in setting up his own business.
Shortages are possible, it warns. Low water levels of the river Rhine last year, for instance, led to bottlenecks in the coffee supply chain. A longer interruption would have 「devastating」 consequences for the industry.它提醒說咖啡短缺是可能出現的。例如,去年萊茵河的低水位導致咖啡供應鏈遭遇瓶頸。更長的生產中斷將對該行業造成「毀滅性」的後果。
Moreover, coffee has health benefits, especially in moments of stress, claims IG Kaffee. Quite so. Food shortages, were they to happen, would surely be stressful.此外,IG Kaffee還提到咖啡具有健康益處,尤其是在人們面對壓力的時候。的確如此。如果發生糧食短缺,人們肯定會感到壓力很大。
moreover是一個很正式的表達,它一般用在寫作中,如果是日常口語可以使用what’s more/also來代替。
quite so是一個英式用法,意思相當於exactly,用於表達對前面說法的贊同。這裡之所以使用quite so這樣一個略顯口語化的表達是為了讓文章更加生動。
最後一句假設了如果發生食物短缺,人們會感到很大壓力,但這是一種不太可能發生的現象,所以用了虛擬語氣。
Also, the Swiss army can hardly be expected to remain alert without coffee. Come to think of it, is there enough chocolate in case of a national emergency?而且,如果沒有咖啡,人們幾乎不能指望瑞士軍隊能保持機敏。想一想,如果發生國家緊急情況,瑞士是否也有足夠的巧克力儲備?
這裡特地提到巧克力是因為巧克力是瑞士著名特產,瑞士的人均巧克力消耗量也是全球最高的。對於瑞士人來說,巧克力和咖啡一樣都不可或缺。
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