高脂肪和高碳水化合物攝入增加心血管疾病和死亡的風險
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/3/29 22:58:51
脂肪和碳水化合物攝入量與心血管疾病和死亡率的相關性,這一成果由英國格拉斯哥大學Carlos Celis-Morales研究小組經過不懈努力而取得。相關論文發表在2020年3月18日出版的《英國醫學雜誌》上。
為了探討大量營養素攝入與全因死亡率和心血管疾病(CVD)的關係,以及對飲食建議的影響,研究組進行了一項基於人群的前瞻性研究。
英國生物庫中的195658名參與者至少完成了一份飲食調查問卷,並被納入分析。中位隨訪10.6年後,4780名(2.4%)參與者死亡;中位隨訪9.7年後,948名(0.5%)參與者經歷了致命性CVD事件,9776名(5.0%)經歷了非致命性CVD事件。
許多常量營養素與上述結局之間存在非線性關聯。碳水化合物的攝入量與死亡率呈非線性關係,佔總能量攝入的20-50%時不相關,但佔總能量攝入的50-70%時為正相關。對於糖類觀察到相似模式,但對於澱粉或纖維並非如此。
較高的單不飽和脂肪攝入量、較低的多不飽和脂肪攝入量和較低的飽和脂肪攝入量可有效降低死亡風險。研究組制定了飲食風險矩陣,根據當前攝入量給出飲食建議。
總之,大量營養素攝入與健康結局之間的許多關聯呈非線性。因此,飲食建議可根據當前攝入量進行調整。
附:英文原文
Title: Associations of fat and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality: prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants
Author: Frederick K Ho, Stuart R Gray, Paul Welsh, Fanny Petermann-Rocha, Hamish Foster, Heather Waddell, Jana Anderson, Donald Lyall, Naveed Sattar, Jason M R Gill, John C Mathers, Jill P Pell, Carlos Celis-Morales
Issue&Volume: 2020/03/18
Abstract: AbstractObjective To investigate the association of macronutrient intake with all cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the implications for dietary advice.Design Prospective population based study.Setting UK Biobank.Participants 195658 of the 502536 participants in UK Biobank completed at least one dietary questionnaire and were included in the analyses. Diet was assessed using Oxford WebQ, a web based 24 hour recall questionnaire, and nutrient intakes were estimated using standard methodology. Cox proportional models with penalised cubic splines were used to study non-linear associations.Main outcome measures All cause mortality and incidence of CVD.Results 4780 (2.4%) participants died over a mean 10.6 (range 9.4-13.9) years of follow-up, and 948 (0.5%) and 9776 (5.0%) experienced fatal and non-fatal CVD events, respectively, over a mean 9.7 (range 8.5-13.0) years of follow-up. Non-linear associations were found for many macronutrients. Carbohydrate intake showed a non-linear association with mortality; no association at 20-50% of total energy intake but a positive association at 50-70% of energy intake (3.14 v 2.75 per 1000 person years, average hazard ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.28 (60-70% v 50% of energy)). A similar pattern was observed for sugar but not for starch or fibre. A higher intake of monounsaturated fat (2.94 v 3.50 per 1000 person years, average hazard ratio 0.58, 0.51 to 0.66 (20-25% v 5% of energy)) and lower intake of polyunsaturated fat (2.66 v 3.04 per 1000 person years, 0.78, 0.75 to 0.81 (5-7% v 12% of energy)) and saturated fat (2.66 v 3.59 per 1000 person years, 0.67, 0.62 to 0.73 (5-10% v 20% of energy)) were associated with a lower risk of mortality. A dietary risk matrix was developed to illustrate how dietary advice can be given based on current intake.Conclusion Many associations between macronutrient intake and health outcomes are non-linear. Thus dietary advice could be tailored to current intake. Dietary guidelines on macronutrients (eg, carbohydrate) should also take account of differential associations of its components (eg, sugar and starch).
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m688
Source: https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m688