春分,是中國傳統二十四節氣(the 24 traditional Chinese solar terms)中的第四個節氣。
春分的「分」有兩個含義,一個是「晝夜平分」,在春分這天,太陽直射赤道,晝夜等長。
After the equinox, the sun moves northwards, resulting in gradually longer day time in the NorthernHemisphereand longer night in the Southern Hemisphere.
春分過後,太陽直射點向北移動,導致北半球白晝逐漸變長,南半球的夜越來越長。
hemisphere/ hem sf (r)/ :半球
春分的另一個含義是「季節平分」。古時以立春到立夏之間為春季,而春分日正處於兩個節氣之中,正好平分了春季。晝夜平分點的英文表達為「Equinox[ ekw nɑ ks]」,所以春分是The Spring Equinox。
除此之外,春分節氣還有哪些文化習俗呢?一起來看看吧。
燕歸來
古時中國人將春分節氣的十五天劃分為三「候」,每個部分為五天。古代便有「一候玄鳥至,二候雷乃發聲,三候始電」的俗語。這種劃分也揭示了春分的氣候特點。
As the old saying goes,swallowsfly back to the North in the firsthou; thunder cracks the sky in the secondhou; lightning occurs frequently in the thirdhou, which vividly reveals the climate feature during the Spring Equinox.
如古話所言,燕子會在「一候」的時候飛回北方;滾滾春雷則發生在「二候」;到了「三候」,閃電會頻繁出現。這種劃分揭示了春分的氣候特點。
swallow / sw l / :燕子
立雞蛋
還記得在「立春」篇中提到的「立雞蛋」活動嗎?「春分到,蛋兒俏」,這項具有千年歷史傳統的迎春活動在春分也十分盛行。
It is believed that if someone can make the egg stand, he will have good luck in the future. Some believe that the Spring Equinox is the best time to practice this game because on this day theaxisof the earth is relatively balanced against theorbital planeof the earth’s rotation around the sun, which makes it easier to erect an egg.
人們認為,如果有人能將雞蛋豎立起來,他將會在未來交好運。也有些人認為,春分當日是玩這個遊戲的最佳時機,因為在這天,地球的地軸與地球繞太陽公轉的軌道平面處於一種相對平衡狀態,這使得雞蛋更容易被立起來。
axis / ks s/ :軸
orbital / b tl/:軌道的
plane:平面
吃春菜
在一些地區,春分期間吃春季時蔬是非常普遍的習俗。而各地的春季時蔬,又不盡相同。
'Spring vegetables' refers to seasonal vegetables that differ from place to place. The ancient teachings in the Chinese classic,Huangdi Neijing, suggest that people eat seasonal foods to help preserve health andbring good luck.
「春季時蔬」指的是季節性的蔬菜,各地之間各不相同。中國醫學典籍《黃帝內經》建議人們食用應季的蔬菜,有助於保持健康,帶來好運。
祭太陽神
春分期間,北京當地人有祭祀「太陽神」的傳統。這一傳統被稱為「中和節」,用小麥和糖製作的「太陽糕」,則是主要貢品。
In the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and Qing Dynasty (1636—1912), the imperial family held thisritualin Ritan park every Spring Equinox. The Ritan park gradually became a common place for publicrecreation. However, the practice still exists among the public.
在明代和清代,每個春分日皇室都會在日壇舉行祭祀「太陽神」的儀式。後來日壇公園逐漸成為公眾娛樂的普通場所,不過祭祀活動在老百姓中依然存在。
ritual / r t u l/:儀式
recreation/ ri kri e n/:娛樂;消遣
犒勞耕牛
民間有「春分麥起身,一刻值千金」的說法,在即將開始新一年的勞作之前,農民會犒勞重要的「勞動力」——耕牛,以示獎賞。犒勞耕牛的習俗在長江下遊的南部地區十分常見。
As the Spring Equinox comes, farm work starts and both the farmers and the cattle start to become busy. Farmers will reward cattle with sticky rice balls to express their gratefulness. Meanwhile, people will also make sacrifice to birds, to thank them for bringing signals for farm work and to ask them not to eat grains later in the year.
春分到來之際,農活便開始了,農民和耕牛都忙了起來。農民會獎勵糯米糰給耕牛,以示他們的感激之情。與此同時,人們也會給鳥兒準備供品,感謝它們帶來農耕的信號,請求它們在收穫季不要啃食穀物。
春日過半
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編輯:唐曉敏
參考:China Daily百度百科
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