相分離組織自噬體形成
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/2/10 9:55:13
日本微生物化學研究所Nobuo N. Noda團隊研究發現相分離組織自噬體的形成。該研究2020年2月5日發表於國際學術期刊《自然》上。
他們表明自噬體前結構(PAS)實際上是Atg蛋白的液體狀聚集物。自噬引發的Atg1複合物在體外經歷相分離以形成液滴,抑制相分離的點突變或磷酸化會削弱體內PAS的形成。體外實驗表明,Atg1複合物液滴可通過特定的蛋白質-蛋白質相互作用而被束縛在膜上,從而解釋了PAS在體內的液泡膜定位。他們提出,相分離在自噬中起著至關重要的促進作用,由此它可以在PAS上組織自噬機器。
據了解,許多生物分子經歷液相-液相分離,形成類似液體的聚集物,介導多種細胞功能。自噬可能是利用自噬體降解這種聚集物,自噬體是酵母在自噬體前結構(PAS)中從頭合成的雙層膜結構。儘管已經鑑定了與PAS相關的Atg蛋白,但由於PAS的體積小且易碎,其理化和功能特性尚不清楚。
附:英文原文
Title: Phase separation organizes the site of autophagosome formation
Author: Yuko Fujioka, Jahangir Md. Alam, Daisuke Noshiro, Kazunari Mouri, Toshio Ando, Yasushi Okada, Alexander I. May, Roland L. Knorr, Kuninori Suzuki, Yoshinori Ohsumi, Nobuo N. Noda
Issue&Volume: 2020-02-05
Abstract: Many biomolecules undergo liquid–liquid phase separation to form liquid-like condensates that mediate diverse cellular functions1,2. Autophagy is able to degrade such condensates using autophagosomes—double-membrane structures that are synthesized de novo at the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS) in yeast3,4,5. Whereas Atg proteins that associate with the PAS have been characterized, the physicochemical and functional properties of the PAS remain unclear owing to its small size and fragility. Here we show that the PAS is in fact a liquid-like condensate of Atg proteins. The autophagy-initiating Atg1 complex undergoes phase separation to form liquid droplets in vitro, and point mutations or phosphorylation that inhibit phase separation impair PAS formation in vivo. In vitro experiments show that Atg1-complex droplets can be tethered to membranes via specific protein–protein interactions, explaining the vacuolar membrane localization of the PAS in vivo. We propose that phase separation has a critical, active role in autophagy, whereby it organizes the autophagy machinery at the PAS.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1977-6
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-1977-6