聽力原文
Study: Plant-Eating Animals Are Most at Risk ofExtinction
Scientists often worry about the loss of the world'smeat~eating animals. But a wide~reaching new studyfinds that plant~eating animals, or herbivores, are athigher risk of
extinction.
In the new study, the International Union forConservation of Nature, or IUCN, shows that about one in four
species of herbivores, or 25.5 percent, are considered threatened. The IUCN, an organization of government and
civiliangroups, is widely recognized as the leading scientific
source on
extinction risk.
Trisha Atwood, of Utah State University, led the research. She told the Associated Press that by
comparison,17.4 percent of meat eaters and 15.8 percent of omnivores, animals that eatmeat and plants, are at risk.
The study appeared earlier this month in the publication Science Advances.
The researchers examined data for 22,166
species of animals with backbones. They notedwhether each animal was a reptile, bird or
mammal. They also examined animals by size, living
environment and the area of the world they live in. On just about every
measure, they foundplant eaters were most at risk, especially in forest environments.
"The implications for this are huge," Atwood said. "We need to think about herbivores as beingkind of the
poster child of
extinction."So instead of polar bears and tigers, think of plant eaters like rhinoceroses and green seaturtles, Atwood said. The last male northern white rhinoceros in the wild died in 2018, butscientists are working to save the
species through the use of stored embryos.
The study centered on proportionality. There are many more
predator species, so there aremore predators at risk in total, but a larger share of herbivores are in trouble.
Scientists even examined data on more than 2,000
species no longer alive. Again, they foundherbivores had the highest share of
extinction risk.
Atwood went into the study thinking that meat eaters were most at risk. However, she said thedata — which included land and water
species — pointed clearly at herbivores.Meat eaters she added, also are in trouble, but not as much as the herbivores they often eat.
Extinction causes, like
invasive species, climate change and loss of living environments,
affectherbivores more than other animals, Atwood said.
Size may be part of the reason herbivores are more at risk, the
ecologist said. Largeherbivores need to eat more and so require more land. But the environments in which they liveare shrinking, she said. Meat eaters and omnivores have larger areas in which to find food.
Duke University
conservation scientist Stuart Pimm, who was not part of the study,
expressed some criticism of the research. He said it does not take into
consideration thehuge importance of
available land area for food searches, a
critical need for meat eaters.
University of Miami biologist Mauro Galetti also was not part of the research. He said Atwood'sstudy is important, makes sense and questions the
traditional belief that environmental
protection projects should center on top meat eaters.Large herbivores are highly important, especially in places like forests, Galetti said."A worldwithout herbivores would be a
disaster for any natural
ecosystem."
I'm Pete Musto.Many had lost all in the
disaster and were destitute.
很多人被災難奪去了一切，變得一無所有。The
ecosystem will be thrown out of whack.
生態系統將會失去平衡。He's a natural with any kind of engine.
他天生就會擺弄各種發動機。The hospital of
traditional Chinese medicine installed a computer to fill prescriptions.
中醫醫院裝上了電子計算機來抓藥。
5.He said it does not take into consideration the huge importance of available land areafor food searches, a critical need for meat eaters.take into consideration 考慮We must take into
consideration that the school library has not purchased new books for along time.
我們必須考慮到學校的圖書館很久沒有購買新書了。
We have to take into
consideration the parameter of
practicality and
artistry.
我們應該將藝術性和實用性等因素都考慮在內。
6.He said Atwood's study is important, makes sense and questions the traditional beliefthat environmental protection projects should center on top meat eaters.On the face of it that seems to make sense. But the figures don't add up.
乍一看，似乎講得通，但這些數字對不起來。
There are some stylistic elements in the
statue that just don't make sense.
這座雕像上的一些風格元素讓人完全捉摸不透。Study: Plant-Eating Animals Are Most at Risk ofExtinction
食草動物面臨滅絕的風險更高Scientists often worry about the loss of the world'smeat~eating animals. But a wide~reaching new studyfinds that plant~eating animals, or herbivores, are athigher risk of
extinction.科學家們常常擔心世界上的食肉動物滅絕。但一項涉獵廣泛的新研究發現，以植物為食的動物或食草動物面臨的滅絕風險更高。
In the new study, the International Union forConservation of Nature, or IUCN, shows that about one in four
species of herbivores, or 25.5 percent, are considered threatened.在這項新研究中，國際自然保護聯盟(IUCN)指出，大約四分之一或25.5%的食草動物被認為面臨滅絕的風險。 The IUCN, an organization of government and
civiliangroups, is widely recognized as the leading scientific
source on
extinction risk.國際自然保護聯盟是一個由政府和民間團體組成的組織，是公認的研究動物滅絕的主要科學組織。
Trisha Atwood, of Utah State University, led the research. She told the Associated Press that by
comparison,17.4 percent of meat eaters and 15.8 percent of omnivores, animals that eatmeat and plants, are at risk.猶他州立大學的特裡莎·阿特伍德（Trisha Atwood）領導了這項研究。她告訴美聯社記者，相比之下，17.4%的肉食動物和15.8%的雜食動物（既食肉也食草）面臨滅絕的風險。
The study appeared earlier this month in the publication Science Advances.這項研究發表在本月早些時候的《科學進展》雜誌。
The researchers examined data for 22,166
species of animals with backbones. They notedwhether each animal was a reptile, bird or
mammal. ，並標註所有動物的屬性——爬行動物、鳥類、哺乳動物。They also examined animals by size, living
environment and the area of the world they live in. On just about every
measure, they foundplant eaters were most at risk, especially in forest environments.他們發現，不管以哪種標準衡量，食草動物面臨的滅絕風險都是最大的——尤其是生活在森林環境中。
"The implications for this are huge," Atwood said."We need to think about herbivores as beingkind of the
poster child of
extinction."我們要把食草動物視為滅絕的典型代表。」
So instead of polar bears and tigers, think of plant eaters like rhinoceroses and green seaturtles, Atwood said. 阿特伍德指出，與其擔心北極熊或老虎，不如先拯救犀牛和綠海龜等草食動物。The last male northern white rhinoceros in the wild died in 2018, butscientists are working to save the
species through the use of stored embryos.2018年，最後一隻野生雄性北白犀牛死亡，但科學家們正努力通過利用儲存的胚胎來拯救這一物種。
The study centered on proportionality. There are many more
predator species, so there aremore predators at risk in total, but a larger share of herbivores are in trouble.研究中涉及的食肉動物更多，所以總的來說，面臨滅絕危險的食肉動物也就更多，但是更高比例的食草動物也瀕臨滅絕。
Scientists even examined data on more than 2,000
species no longer alive. Again, they foundherbivores had the highest share of
extinction risk.並再次驗證食草動物面臨最高的滅絕風險。
Atwood went into the study thinking that meat eaters were most at risk.進行這項研究前，阿特伍德認為食肉動物面臨的風險最大。 However, she said thedata — which included land and water
species — pointed clearly at herbivores.然而，包括陸地和水域物種在內的數據清楚地指向了食草動物。
Meat eaters she added, also are in trouble, but not as much as the herbivores they often eat.她補充說，食肉動物的情況也不樂觀，只是被食用的食草動物的處境更加艱難。
Extinction causes, like
invasive species, climate change and loss of living environments,
affectherbivores more than other animals, Atwood said.阿特伍德表示，物種滅絕的原因有很多——如物種入侵、氣候變化和生存環境的喪失等對食草動物的影響比其他動物更大。
Size may be part of the reason herbivores are more at risk, the
ecologist said. 這位生態學家表示，體型可能是食草動物面臨更大風險的部分原因。Largeherbivores need to eat more and so require more land. But the environments in which they liveare shrinking, she said. Meat eaters and omnivores have larger areas in which to find food.而肉食動物和雜食動物有更大的覓食空間。
Duke University
conservation scientist Stuart Pimm, who was not part of the study,
expressed some criticism of the research.杜克大學的保護科學家斯圖亞特·皮姆（Stuart Pimm）沒有參與這項研究，他對這項研究提出了一些批評意見。 He said it does not take into
consideration thehuge importance of
available land area for food searches, a
critical need for meat eaters.他表示，研究沒有考慮到可狩獵的土地範圍的重要性，這是肉食動物的迫切需求。
University of Miami biologist Mauro Galetti also was not part of the research. 邁阿密大學的生物學家毛羅·加萊蒂（University of Miami）也未參與這項研究。He said Atwood'sstudy is important, makes sense and questions the
traditional belief that environmental
protection projects should center on top meat eaters.他表示，阿特伍德的研究很重要也很有意義，並質疑了環保項目應該以頂級肉食動物為中心的傳統觀念。
Large herbivores are highly important, especially in places like forests, Galetti said. "A worldwithout herbivores would be a
disaster for any natural
ecosystem."加萊蒂稱，大型食草動物非常重要，尤其是在森林中。「對於任何自然生態系統來說沒有食草動物都是一場災難。」
I'm Pete Musto.
皮特·穆斯託為您播報。
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