不管是大公司、還是小企業，都應該根據自身經營範圍、模式、區域、管理與運營等特點提前制定好組織結構類型，合適則提高管理規範、提高工作效率、節省成本等，不適合則機構臃腫、效率低下、不好管理、各自為政、費時費力，所以，5種組織結構類型，你選好了嗎？
Types of organizational structure：
Obviously, there is a reasonable structural type for an organization, which can not only make organizational management levels clearer but also define different departments, roles, responsibilities, priorities and interactions.
In general, according to the different dimensions like function specialisms, business divisions, products features, geographical units, there are five organizational structures to be used in organizations: functional, divisional, matrix, transnational and project.
First, The functional structuremeans that, in line with different organizational function like administration, sales, marketing, production, an organization will be divided into different departments and levels to take their responsibility. Also, it is appropriate to a traditional corporates, small company or a start-up business.
Second, the divisional structureconsists of some divisions that are divided on the basis of products, services or different geographical areas. In addition, each division may have its own functional departments. It is, therefore, popular to be used in some public services.
Third, the matrix structure is to combine different structural types, and there are typically many cross management in organizations because of different products and services or countries.
Fourth, multinational and transnational structuresare complicated to use and most MNCs will manage their global business by them. There are three simple multinational structures: international divisions, local subsidiaries, and global product divisions.
The transnational structure contains local responsiveness and global coordination. Although it is similar to matrix structure, there are some its features like concentration of knowledge-sharing, specialization, and network management.
Finally, Project-based structuresis easy to understand, and there are many distinctive features in a project-based structure. On one hand, for a particular project, project team may be built for a short time, and will be dissolved after finishing it. On the other hand, time is limited for the project like a conference, a sport event, a consulting engagement, or a movie.
The five different structures have definitely their own advantages and disadvantages, and through some business cases, we can deeply analyze them.
組織結構類型：
顯然，一個組織有一個合理的結構類型，不但可以使組織管理層次更加清晰明確，而且也可以提前定義好不同的國家、區域、管理部門、角色特徵、崗位職責、優先級別等，以至於更好的組織協調與配合。
一般來說，根據職能專長、業務分類、產品組合、區域位置等維度不同，組織可採用五種組織結構類型：職能型、事業部制、矩陣型、國際型和項目型。
第一是職能型，指按照行政、銷售、市場、生產等不同的組織構成職能，將一個組織劃分為不同的部門和層次來承擔責任。此外，它也適用於傳統公司、小公司或初創企業；
第二事業部型，組織結構由多個事業部組成，這些事業部根據產品、服務或不同的地理區域進行劃分。此外，每個事業部也能有自己的職能部門。因此，更經常被用於某些公共服務中。
第三是矩陣型，矩陣結構是將不同結構類型組合在一起，依照不同產品、服務、或國家來進行交叉組合式管理。
第四是跨國型，洲際間，使用起來更複雜，可以用來管理全球業務。有三個跨國機構設置：國際部、地域子公司和事業部部。跨國結構設置也涉及到國家、地方的政策，以及全球的組織協調。雖然它類似於矩陣結構，但它具有共享集中、專業化、網絡化等特點。
最後是項目型，項目結構易於理解，基於項目成立而組織建立，有自己的組織結構特徵。有時，針對一個特定的項目，可能在短時間內組織團隊，完成後解散；有時是一個有限又獨立的活動，比如會議、體育活動、諮詢活動或電影；
這五種不同的組織結構類型有各自的特徵、也各有利弊，通過一些商業案例，可以對它們進行深入的探討與分析。