Scientists are shocked at the speed at which resistance to powerful antibiotics spreads from animals to people. 抗生素耐藥性從動物傳播至人類的速度之快，讓科學家感到震驚。
New research has shown that genetic changes in pathogens affect people and animals around the world in just a few years. 新的研究表明，在短短幾年內，病原體的基因變化會影響全球的人類和動物。
The research suggests these genetic changes probably spread from a pig farm in China. 該研究表明，這些基因變化可能是從中國一座養豬場傳播開來的。
Professor Francois Balloux is the lead researcher for the study and director of the Genetics Institute at University College London. 該研究的首席研究員弗朗索瓦·巴盧（Francois Balloux）教授是倫敦大學學院遺傳學研究所的主任。
He says the powerful antibiotic Colistin has become an important last line of defense. 他說，強大的抗生素粘菌素已成為最後一道重要防線。
It is used to save people’s lives when all other drugs have failed. 當所有其他的藥物都失效時，它可以用來拯救人們的生命。
「And it was mostly used in agriculture then, in pigs and a bit in chickens. 「粘菌素主要用於農業，用在豬和雞身上。
But recently, as we are running out of drugs, people actually have become a bit more interested in using it, 但是最近，我們的藥物越來越少，人類開始對它的效用產生了興趣，
and it has been used quite extensively recently over the last five to 10 years in the clinic.」 最近的5到10年裡，它被診所廣泛使用。」
Now, even Colistin is losing its power against highly resistant bacteria called "superbugs." 現在，即使是粘菌素也無力對抗被稱為「超級細菌」的高耐藥性細菌。
Deadly pathogens like E. Coli or salmonella can change and develop resistance to antibiotics. 像大腸桿菌或沙門氏菌等致命病原體可以改變並對抗生素產生耐藥性。
Balloux’s research identifies the speed at which the gene that gives resistance to Colistin began in the mid-2000s. 巴盧的研究確定了基因傳播的速度，對粘菌素產生耐藥性的基因在21世紀中期就開始傳播。
「It happened once. And it jumped very, very likely from pigs, probably in China, and it spread extremely rapidly throughout the world. 「這種情況發生過。最初，人們從豬的身上發現了這種基因，可能在中國開始，隨後在世界各地迅速傳播。
And it also spread in all sorts of different species and affects humans.」 耐藥基因也在不同物種中傳播並影響著人類。」
The resistance has even been found in pathogens in seawater on Brazilian beaches. 研究人員甚至在巴西海灘的海水中發現了耐藥病原體。
Balloux notes his study centered on just one resistant gene, but many pathogens are developing other forms of resistance. 巴盧指出，他的研究只集中在一種耐藥基因上，但許多病原體正發展成其他形式的耐藥性。
Sally Davies is Britain’s chief medical officer. 薩利·戴維斯（Sally Davies）是英國的首席醫療官。
She warned recently that anti-microbial resistance could lead to the "end of modern medicine." 最近，她警告稱，抗菌素耐藥性可能導致「現代醫學的終結」。
Last October, she spoke to delegates at a conference on anti-microbial resistance in Germany. 去年10月，在德國一場抗菌素耐藥性會議上，她對與會代表發表了講話。
She told them that common operations, such as cesarean sections, would become dangerous without working antibiotics. 她指出，像剖腹產這類常見的手術如果不使用抗生素會變得很危險。
「Those would become much more risky if we did not have effective antibiotics. 「如果沒有有效的抗生素，我們會面臨更多的風險。
Superbugs kill and they’re on the rise.」 超級細菌會逐漸佔據上風。」
Scientists are working on improving existing drugs like Colistin to give them added power against resistant pathogens. 科學家正在努力改進現有藥物，如粘菌素，來增強對抗耐藥性病原體的能力。
In the longer term, researchers say more investment is needed in developing new drugs. 研究人員稱，從長遠來看，研發新藥品需要更多的投資。
They also say there is a need to rethink how antibiotics are used in agriculture and at clinics. 他們還說，有必要重新審視抗生素在農業和診所中的使用。
I’m Alice Bryant. 愛麗絲·布萊恩特為您播報。
重點解析：
1.the lead researcher 首席研究員
The lead researcher in the study said the resultswere beyond anything he expected.
這一研究的首席研究研究說，這個結果完全超出了他的預期。
2.lead to 導致
A lack of prudence may lead to financial problems.
不夠謹慎可能會導致財政上出現問題。
3.all sorts of 各種各樣的
There are all sorts of animals, including bears, pigs, kangaroos, and penguins
有各種各樣的動物，包括熊、豬、袋鼠和企鵝。
4.such as 例如
She was involved in many New Age activities such as yoga and healing.
她參加了很多「新時代」活動，如瑜伽和康復法。
5.In the longer term, researchers say more investment is needed in developing newdrugs.
In the longer term 從長遠來看
In the longer term, closer integration with China is likely to benefit Taiwan economically.
從長遠來看，與中國更為緊密的融合，很可能會令臺灣經濟從中獲益。
In the longer term, investment has also been damaged by uncertainty surrounding prices.
較長期而言，圍繞油價的不確定性，也損害了投資活動。
6.But recently, as we are running out of drugs, people actually have become a bit moreinterested in using it.
running out of 用完；耗盡
We're running out of time.
我們快沒有時間了。
The copy machine is running out of paper.
複印機的紙張用完了。