2018年1月4日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --近日,一項刊登在國際雜誌Nature Communications上的研究報告中,來自西奈山醫學院的研究人員通過研究發現,位於乳管周圍健康乳腺組織中的巨噬細胞(正常免疫細胞)或能有效幫助早期乳腺癌細胞離開乳腺組織擴散到機體其它部位,因此在腫瘤開始發生之前就能夠潛在地誘發癌症轉移過程。
圖片來源:www.webmd.com
巨噬細胞能夠通過調節乳管在乳腺組織中的分支過程來在乳腺中扮演關鍵角色,大量研究都闡明了巨噬細胞在癌症轉移過程中的重要性,但截至目前為止研究人員也僅僅是在大型腫瘤晚期模型中得出上述結論,這項研究中,研究人員對人類組織、小鼠組織以及乳腺類器官進行研究,結果發現,在早期癌症病灶中,巨噬細胞能夠被吸附進入乳腺乳管中誘發一系列反應,將早期的癌細胞帶出乳腺組織。
研究者表示,巨噬細胞與早期乳腺細胞之間的關係會被早期癌細胞選擇,用來激活促癌HER2基因的表達,從而幫助發現更多相關的免疫細胞,這項研究發現或能幫助研究人員尋找新型生物標誌物來有效鑑別出哪些癌症患者會因這些巨噬細胞而攜帶潛在轉移性癌細胞的風險,同時還能幫助有效開發出抑制早期癌症轉移的新型療法。
研究者Miriam Merad表示,相比當前治療轉移性疾病的標準化療法而言,對高風險患者進行早期治療或能有效抑制癌症致死性轉移的發生;本文研究挑戰了之前的一種教條性的說法,即癌症進行早期診斷和治療就一定能夠有效治癒患者,在本文研究和此前研究中,研究人員均闡述了控制癌症早期擴散轉移的機制,後期他們還將通過更為深入的研究來闡明更多誘發癌症發生早期轉移的機制。
研究人員希望通過鑑別出哪一種巨噬細胞能特異性地控制癌細胞的早期擴散來為後期研究提供數據支持,同時他們還希望能深入研究闡明早期擴散的癌細胞如何與肺部中的巨噬細胞相互作用來引發癌症轉移發生,同時開發新型手段來靶向作用有效抑制癌症轉移。最後研究者Merad說道,這項研究中我們闡明了巨噬細胞如何與早期的癌細胞形成「癌症早期擴散傳播的微環境」,同時我們也闡明了,通過幹擾巨噬細胞和早期癌細胞之間的相互作用就能有效抑制癌症轉移以及致死性轉移的發生;這對於後期研究人員開發新型療法來有效抑制癌症發生轉移提供新的線索和希望。(生物谷Bioon.com)
原始出處:
Immune cells play key role in early breast cancer metastasis even before a tumor develops
Mount Sinai researchers have discovered that normal immune cells called macrophages, which reside in healthy breast tissue surrounding milk ducts, play a major role in helping early breast cancer cells leave the breast for other parts of the body, potentially creating metastasis before a tumor has even developed, according to a study published in Nature Communications.
The macrophages play a role in mammary gland development by regulating how milk ducts branch out through breast tissue. Many studies have also proven the importance of macrophages in metastasis, but until now, only in models of advanced large tumors. By studying human samples, mouse tissues, and breast organoids, which are miniaturized and simplified versions of breast tissue produced in the lab, the new research found that in very early cancer lesions, macrophages are attracted to enter the breast ducts where they trigger a chain reaction that brings early cancer cells out of the breast, said lead researcher Julio Aguirre-Ghiso, PhD, Professor of Oncological Sciences, Otolaryngology, Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology at The Tisch Cancer Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
This research shows that macrophages' relationship with normal breast cells is co-opted by early cancer cells that activate the cancer-causing HER2 gene, helping in this newly-discovered role of these immune cells. The findings from this study could eventually help pinpoint biomarkers to identify cancer patients who may be at risk of carrying potential metastatic cells due to these macrophages and potentially lead to the development of novel therapies that prevent early cancer metastasis......