簡介
A rare galaxy that's challenging our understanding of the universe
演講者：Burçin Mutlu-Pakdil
語言：英語
簡介：2018 | 發現一個星系並以你的名字命名是什麼感覺？天體物理學家和TED研究員BurçinMutlu-Pakdil在這次快速的談話中讓我們知道了她的團隊驚人地發現了一個神秘的新星系。
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中英對照翻譯
There are more than a trillion galaxies in the universe. And my team discovered an extremely rare one, a galaxy that doesn't look quite like anything observed before. This galaxy is so peculiar, that it challenges our theories and our assumptions about how the universe works.
宇宙中有超過一萬億個星系。而我的團隊發現了極其罕見的一個，這個星系與我們見過的其他星系都不同。這個星系是如此的特別，以至於動搖了我們對於宇宙運行規律的理論和設想。
The majority of the galaxies are spiral, similar to our own Milky Way. We have strong theories about how these common galaxies form and evolve. But we don't understand how rare galaxies form and evolve. An especially puzzling rare case is Hoag's Object. It has a very symmetric central body surrounded by a circular outer ring, with nothing visible connecting them.
大多數星系都是螺旋狀的，就像我們的銀河系一樣。我們可以很好地解釋這些常見星系的起源和演化過程。但是我們並不理解其他罕見星系的形成和演變過程。霍格星系就是這樣的一個令人費解而罕見的例子。它由一個非常對稱的中心天體和環繞它的圓形外環組成，而這兩部分之間並沒有可見的物質連接它們。
Hoag-type galaxies are among the rarest types of galaxies currently known. There are fewer than one in 1,000 galaxies. It's a mystery how the stars in the outer ring are just floating there in such an orderly manner. That's interesting, right? Hold on. Things are about to get more mysterious.
霍格星系屬於最罕見的星系類型之一。他們只佔星系總數的不到千分之一。外環中的恆星如此整齊的漂浮在那裡的原因依舊是一個謎。非常有意思，對吧？別急，還有更加神秘的事情。
The galaxy that my team discovered is even rarer and much more complex than that. You know, sometimes, you search and search for these objects, and you find nothing. But sometimes, it just appears in the background, when you are not even looking for it.
我們團隊所發現的星系比霍格星系更加罕見，也更複雜。有時，我們不停地尋找一些天體，卻什麼也找不到。但也有時候，它就會在你甚至沒有刻意找它的時候，出現在背景裡。
This system looks very similar to Hoag's Object, with its central body and circular outer ring. We got very excited and thought we discovered another Hoag's Object. But my research showed this is an entirely new galaxy type, now commonly referred to as "Burçin's Galaxy."
這個星系與霍格星系非常相似，也有中心天體和圓形的外環。我們當時非常激動，以為又發現了一個霍格星系。但是我的研究表明，這其實是一種全新的星系，大家現在叫它「」布奇星系」。（布奇是演講者的名字）
We will not be visiting this galaxy anytime soon. It is approximately 359 million light years away from Earth. You may think this is far. Well, actually, this is one of the nearby galaxies. I study this object in different light -- in ultraviolet, optical and near-infrared.
我們要過很久才能探訪這個星系。它與地球的距離大概有三億五千九百萬光年。你可能覺得這很遠。其實這個星系已經離我們相對很近了。我對這個星系在不同的電磁波長下的樣子進行了研究——包括了紫外線，可見光，和近紅外線。
Small details on our body, like a scar or wrinkles, tell the story of our lives. Similarly, a galaxy's structure in different light can help us trace back their origin and evolution.
我們身體上的細微痕跡，比如一個傷痕或者皺紋，可以透露我們的生活經歷。同樣的，星繫結構在不同電磁波長下的樣子。
How do I look for these details? I model the bright central body and remove my model from the image to check for any hidden features, because a bright structure in a galaxy may blind our views off aint features, just like using sunglasses when you are blinded by the intense light.
也可以幫助我們回溯它的起源和演變過程。怎麼尋找這些痕跡呢？我建立了那個明亮的中心天體的模型，並把這個模型從星系圖像中移除，然後就可以尋找星系的不明顯的特徵，因為星系中明亮的部分可能會遮蓋一些暗淡的細節，這就像我們在強光刺眼時會戴墨鏡一樣。
The result was a big surprise. This galaxy doesn't just have an outer ring, it has an additional, diffused inner ring. We were having a hard time explaining the origin of the outer ring in Hoag-type galaxies. Now we also need to explain this mysterious second ring.
研究的結果令我們非常驚喜。這個星系不僅有一個外環，還有一個稀薄的內環。我們要解釋霍格星系外環的形成過程已經很困難了。
There is currently no known mechanism that can explain the existence of an inner ring in such a peculiar galaxy. So the discovery of Burçin's Galaxy clearly highlights the gap in our knowledge of galaxy evolution. Further research into how this extremely rare galaxy was formed can provide us with new clues on how the universe works. This discovery tells us that we still have a lot to learn, and we should keep looking deeper and deeper in space and keep searching for the unknown.
現在我們還要解釋這個神秘的內環。目前沒有任何理論可以解釋這個如此特別的星系中內環的存在。所以，布奇星系的發現凸顯了我們的星系演化理論的不足。對這個及其罕見星系形成過程的後續研究，可以為我們理解宇宙的運行機制提供新的線索。這個發現表明我們還有很長的路要走，我們應該繼續對太空進行更深入的研究，並繼續探索未知的現象。
Thank you.(Applause)
謝謝。（掌聲）
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