翻譯在我們從小到大的英語考試中是經常出現的，也許有的人都覺得這個題型沒什麼，或者非常有自信。下面小編就和大家分享在英語中人名的翻譯技巧，希望能夠幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。
在英語中人名的翻譯技巧
名字翻譯的第一條建議是，不能望文生音，遇到不熟悉的名字一定要查證讀音再翻譯。
如今的譯者大部分都熟悉英文拼讀規則，所以面對「規範的」英文單詞，多半可以讀個89不離十。然而不是所有單詞都是「規範的」，尤其是直接從其他語言中「照抄」過來的單詞和用英文「模擬發音」的單詞，往往都不能直接按照英文拼讀規則來發音。「拿破崙·波拿巴」的「波拿巴」寫作Bonaparte，不能望文生音讀作「波拿巴特」;「戴高樂」寫作de Gaulle，不能望文生音讀作「德蓋勒」。還有一些名字看起來很熟悉，其實只是拼寫相同，在不同語言中發音是有差別的，如Louis普通翻譯為「路易斯」，但如果是法國名字則應當翻譯為「路易」，因為法語的Louis發音與英語不同。
名字翻譯的第二條建議是，名字的翻譯必須遵循慣例。
如果你仔細觀察就會發現，一些公認名字的中文翻譯與英文原文相差不少，最典型的是國家名：Deutsch翻譯為「德意志」，France翻譯為「法蘭西」，Europe翻譯為「歐羅巴」，American翻譯為「美利堅」。這些名字雖然都是音譯，但當時中文的發音不同於今天的普通話，而是類似今天閩粵某地的方言(大致如此，沒見到特別可靠的詳細考證)，從久遠的年代流傳下來，變成了約定俗成的譯名。如今的譯者如果要別出心裁，重新翻譯德國、法國、歐洲、美國的名字，即便更「準確」，還是會給讀者造成不少困惑。估計這樣做的譯者不多，但不理會約定俗成的譯名，翻譯時「別開天地」的情況還是時有發生。比如Hume公認翻譯為「休謨」，有人卻翻譯為「胡姆」;Bentham公認翻譯為「邊泌」，有人卻翻譯為「貝瑟姆」;Fabian公認翻譯為「費邊」，有人卻翻譯為「法比恩」;Buick公認翻譯為「別克」，有人卻翻譯為「布依克」。凡此種種，經常會讓讀者摸不著頭腦——「偉大哲學家胡姆的學說」，到底是什麼呢?「美國人買布依克轎車是愛國的表現」，又是為什麼呢?
名字翻譯的第三條建議是，人名不宜多變。
與中文人名不同，外國人名經常分好幾部分，而且不必姓名一起念，經常是分開來念的。比如葉爾欽的全名就是「鮑裡斯·尼古拉耶維奇·葉爾欽」，馬克思的全名就是「卡爾·馬克思」。按照中文的習慣，大家記憶「葉爾欽」、「馬克思」之類的名字更明確也更容易。然而在英文中，對同一個人稱呼卻是可能變化的，有時候用「鮑裡斯」來稱呼葉爾欽，有時候用「卡爾」來稱呼馬克思。也許外國的讀者更容易記憶全名，所以看到「鮑裡斯」馬上知道這是葉爾欽，看到「卡爾」也立刻明白這是馬克思，但中文讀者通常沒有這麼敏捷，有許多人需要認真想想，甚至翻翻前文才能知道，還有些人則根本鬧不清楚。所以我的建議是，如果原文中變換的稱呼沒有特別的含義，則譯文中保持人名的一致性是不錯的選擇。否則，可以遵循原文變化稱呼，但最好用譯註的方式告知讀者，如「卡爾(這裡稱馬克思為卡爾，是表示親暱)」。另外，外國許多名字有簡稱，如Jeffrey(傑弗瑞)簡稱為Jeff(傑夫)，Catherine(凱薩琳)簡稱為Cathy(凱茜)，輪換出現同樣會導致讀者的困惑，所以在翻譯時建議也按照上面的原則來處理。
名字翻譯的第四條建議是，如果代詞較多，應儘量具體化。
英文裡的第三人稱單數代詞有he, she, it三種，無論是從讀音還是拼寫上都有很大不同，絕對不會混淆。然而中文的「他」、「她」、「它」不但形似，發音更是完全一致。結果，英文中無比清楚的句子「John might never see Mary's family member again, nor she his parents」，翻譯為中文就成了「約翰可能再也見不到瑪麗的家人了，她對他的父母也是如此」。如果讀者能看到文字，或許還可以仔細分辨意思，若是只能僅從聲音判斷，幾乎一定會滿頭霧水。這種情況下，譯者應該果斷將代詞具體化，把「他」和「她」準確還原為指代對象——「約翰可能再也見不到瑪麗的家人了，瑪麗也可能不會再遇到約翰的父母」，就毫無混淆的可能了。
2020年翻譯資格考試筆譯二級測試題：西遊記
片刻之後，一位仙童打開洞門走出來，對猴王說：「師父說有人來訪，是你嗎?」猴王隨仙童進洞，見一位白髮白須老人端坐在高臺之上，兩旁站立著數十位弟子。猴王急忙下跪， 連磕響頭。
仙人問：「你來自何方?」「我來自花果山」猴王答道。「報上名來。」「我無父無母，亦無姓名。」「莫非你是樹上長出來的?」「是石頭裡蹦出來的!」仙人笑到：「喚你孫悟空如何?」猴王滿心歡喜地答應。從此，悟空開始努力修行，並念念不忘長生不老之術。
祖師明白他的心意，亦知悟空聰慧過人。一日，祖師在眾人面前假裝生氣在悟空頭上連敲三下，然後背著手離開，並關上房門。
眾徒弟皆以為師傅發怒不敢言語。唯有悟空明白：連敲三下是指三更，把門關上暗指叫他從後門進去。於是，當晚他悄悄從半掩的後門進去，跪在祖師床前等他醒來。
A moment later, a boy opened the door, came out and asked: 「Master said we have a visitor. Is that you?」 Following the boy into the cave, Monkey King saw the master serene, white-haired, white-bearded and seated on a high dais. On his sides were standing tens of disciples. Monkey King hurriedly knelt down and kowtowed continually.
Master asked: 「 Where are you from?」 「I come from Hua Guo Shan」 answered the monkey. 「What is your name?」 「I have no parents and no name.」 「If you have no parents, were you grown on a tree?」 「From a rock!」Master laughed and said : 「How about I call you Sun Wukong? 」 Monkey King accepted it with ecstasy. From then on, Sun worked really hard while thinking about the immortal magic.
Master knew his mind and also his extraordinary intelligence. One day, Master feigned anger and knocked on Sun’s head three times. Then he put his hands behind the back, le山 and closed the door.
While others thought Master was angry Sun knew this was telling him to see Master at three o』clock by going through the back door. So that night he went into Master’s room secretly through the unlocked back door, knelt down at his bed and waited for him to wake up.
不久，祖師醒來，問道：「你在此作甚?」悟空答：「白日裡師父出的啞謎，我猜想是叫我三更時分到您這兒來，因此便來了。請師父授我不老法術吧!」祖師大悅，心想悟空果真聰明。於是開始教他長生不老的法術。悟空大喜，苦練三年，從未間斷。
一日，祖師對他講：「時至今日你已學有小成，尚需習得如何躲過命中三劫。」「哪三劫?」 「你雖已習得長生不老之術， 但五百年後會遭天雷打擊，若無法躲避將會喪命。」
悟空聽罷驚嚇不已。祖師又道： 「再過五百年，你會遭遇天火， 被燒成灰燼。再過五百年你會遭遇神風， 將你吹得骨肉四散。」悟空已是膽顫心驚，忙跪地哀求。「請師父授我避難之法，此恩情，弟子永世難忘。」 祖師向來寵他，遂附耳傳授口訣。悟空苦練口訣，不日便學成了七十二般變化，還能夠騰雲駕霧，一個筋鬥十萬八千裡。
Soon，Master woke up and asked: 「What are you doing here?」 Wukong answered: 「I understood your puzzle today as asking me to come at three o』clock through the back door so I came. Please teach me to become immortal!」 Master was delighted that Wukong was clever enough to catch his cue so he decided to teach him immortal magic. Wukong was overjoyed and practiced hard for three years continuously.
One day, Master told him: 「So far, you have done pretty well but still need to learn how to avoid three doomed disasters.」「What are they?」 「Though you have mastered the immortal magic, you will be struck by a heavenly lightning in 500 years and if you can’t avoid it you will be killed.」
At this he was scared. Master continued: 「In another five hundred years heavenly fire will burn you into ashes and in another five hundred years a heavenly gale will tear apart your flesh and bones .」 Petrified, he dropped to his knees with shudder and begged: 「Please teach me how to survive these disasters. I will always remember your kindness.」 Being always fond of Wukong Master whispered some spells in his ear. He exercised the spells hard and before long mastered 72 transformations and also flying on clouds. With one somersault he could travel 108,000 li .
很久很久之前有座山，叫花果山，山上有一塊巨石。一日， 巨石轟然爆炸，從裡面跳出一隻猴子。這隻猴子樣貌與其他猴子並無兩樣，只是眼放金光。石猴一生下來就在ft中跑來跳去，與ft中鳥獸玩耍。
Long long ago, there was a mountain named Hua Guo Shan Mountain of Fruit and Flowers. On the mountain there was a large rock. One fine day, the rock exploded and a monkey jumped out. He looked no different than any other monkey except his blazing eyes. The rock monkey started jumping around and playing with the birds and beasts immediately after he was born.
一個夏天，石猴正和其他猴子在一個瀑布下面玩耍，忽聽一隻老猴子開口說道：「誰若能跳進水裡找到水的源頭，咱們就擁他為王。」眾猴子一致同意，卻無人敢跳。石猴見此情形就大聲說到：「我去!」說著便跳進了瀑布裡。沒想到的是，瀑布後面無水， 卻有一塊石碑，上刻「水簾洞」。此外，還有一幢石屋，屋內家具皆為石頭所做，應有盡有。石猴出去把其他猴子帶了進來。猴子們歡呼雀躍並按照約定尊他為王。從此，猴王就帶著猴子們在水簾洞過了幾百年幸福的生活。
One summer day, when the rock monkey was having fun with other monkeys under a waterfall a senior monkey announced: 「 Whoever can dive into the water and find its source, we』ll let him be our king.」 Everyone agreed unanimously but nobody dared jump. Seeing this, the rock monkey shouted : 「I will.」 With these words, he leaped towards the waterfall. Surprisingly, behind the waterfall he found no water but a stone tablet with carved Chinese characters literally saying 「Water Curtain Cave」. In addition, there was a stone house equipped with all kinds of stone furniture. He went back and brought in other monkeys. They cheered and according to the agreement made him their king. Thereafter, the king and his followers lived happily in the cave for hundreds of years.
一日，在一個宴席上猴王感傷地說：「現在我雖每日快活， 可是將來衰老，還是不免要被閻王爺抓去。」「是呀，」一隻猴子同情地說，「你若想逃過閻王這一關，就得去尋仙拜師學會長生不老術。」猴王覺得此計甚好就說，「我這便去尋仙拜師。」
他令人做了木筏和船篙便出發了。很快，他靠岸登陸，看見幾個漁民，抓住其中一人並搶了他的衣服。猴王扮成人的模樣流浪了89年, 期間學會了人的語言和行為。一日，當他正爬ft時聽到有人唱歌，歌者聽起來逍遙自在似神仙。
他循歌聲找到了歌者，恭恭敬敬地問：「請問你是神仙嗎?」 那人忙回答：「我不是神仙， 不過這首歌是一位神仙教給我的。」
猴王打聽了神仙的住處就繼續前行，直至來到一巖洞前。只見洞門緊閉，洞口上方刻著「三星洞」三個大字。他不敢敲門，只得耐心等待。
One day, at a banquet, the king said with sadness： 「 Though happy now, when I get old I will inevitably be taken away by Yan Wang Ye--Death in Chinese mythology.」「Indeed」， said a monkey sympathetically，「if you want to escape death you must learn from a god some magic which can make you immortal. 」 The king thought it was a good idea and joyfully declared, 「I will now go to look for a god to be my teacher.」
He had a raft and barge-pole built by the monkeys and set out. Quite soon, he landed and saw several fishermen so he stopped one of them and seized his clothes. The monkey king dressed up as a human being and traveled for about nine years when he learned to talk and act like a man. One day, when he was climbing a mountain he heard a man singing who sounded secure and carefree as if he were a god.
By following the sound of the song he found the singer and asked respectfully: 「Excuse me, are you a god?」 「No, I am not but a god taught me this song」, answered the man immediately.
He asked about the god’s residence and walked on until he arrived at a cave whose gate was closed. Over the gate were three big characters--San Xing Dong literally meaning Three Star Cave. He dared not knock so he waited patiently.