如何在學術寫作或科技文獻中區辨affect和effect?由於affect 和 effect 這兩個詞,它們都各有名詞和動詞的形式,且兩種詞性各有不同的意義。再者,這兩個字在拼寫上只差一個字母,連發音也很接近,相當容易造成混淆。雖然它們看起來相似,但一旦誤用,將完全改變句子的意思。
『Affect』常用作動詞。這意味著要影響某事。
例如:
Diet affects a person’s risk of cancer.
Diet 積極影響 a person’s risk of cancer.
『Effect』是一個名詞。它表示結果,即操作的結果。
例如:
An effect of global warming is poorer air quality.
我們正在描述一個動作(global warming)的結果(poorer air quality)。
X has an effect on Y.
X is affected by Y.
這些陳述具有相同的含義。
請記住,「affect」常作動詞使用,而「effect」常用作名詞。下表僅適用於「affect」。有關更多信息,請參閱我們之前的文章:科學文獻中動詞時態的應用。
動詞時態
何時使用
舉例
一般現在時
說明一般事實時使用
Diet affects a person’s risk of cancer.
現在完成時
在描述過去發生但今天仍然有用的動作時使用.
In this study, we focus on how the Great Recession has affected the iconic 「American Dream.」
過去時
在討論以前的研究或過去的事件時使用
A quarter of all obese patients were affected by severe sleep apnea.
過去完成時
描述一個動作在另一個動作之前發生時使用
Telephone interviews were conducted with private households which had been affected by the 2013 floods in Germany.
過去進行時
在描述過去發生的正在進行的操作時使用。
It was found that the cutting strategy was affecting the geometry of second-order microstructures.
現在進行時
在描述正在發生的事件時使用
The purpose of this study was to investigate what factors are affecting job-seeking stress in nursing students.
未來時
在討論研究的意義時使用
Flooding events will affect more people in the future as a result of sea-level rises.
現在完成時
在描述過去發生但今天仍然有用的動作時使用.
In this study, we focus on how the Great Recession has affected the iconic 「American Dream.」
過去時
在討論以前的研究或過去的事件時使用
A quarter of all obese patients were affected by severe sleep apnea.
過去完成時
描述一個動作在另一個動作之前發生時使用
Telephone interviews were conducted with private households which had been affected by the 2013 floods in Germany.
過去進行時
在描述過去發生的正在進行的操作時使用。
It was found that the cutting strategy was affecting the geometry of second-order microstructures.
現在進行時
在描述正在發生的事件時使用
The purpose of this study was to investigate what factors are affecting job-seeking stress in nursing students.
未來時
在討論研究的意義時使用
Flooding events will affect more people in the future as a result of sea-level rises.
請記住,『effect』作為名詞,可能會以定冠詞/不定冠詞開頭,例如『an effect』, 『its effect』, 『the effect』 …等。
當你不知道到底該怎麼使用這兩個單詞的時候,使用替代的動詞/名詞會有所幫助。如果使用替代動詞保留了語句的含義,則「affect」是正確的。如果使用替代名詞保留了語句的含義,則「effect」是正確的。
Affect的替代動詞
舉例
Change
Diet changes a person’s risk of cancer.
Alter
Diet alters a person’s risk of cancer.
Influence
Diet influences a person’s risk of cancer.
Effect的替代名詞
舉例
Result
A result of global warming is poorer air quality.
Outcome
An outcome of global warming is poorer air quality.
Consequence
A consequence of global warming is poorer air quality.
Sleep deprivation negatively affects various cognitive performances.
The effect of resistance exercise on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes is unclear.
In this study, we focused on events of severe water limitation that affect ecosystem structure and functioning.
The potential difference between the model alloys and aluminum was affected by pH value.
We investigated the effects of temperature on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of cattle manure.
Global warming will affect the genetic diversity and uniqueness of Lycaena hellepopulations.
All cultivars grown were affected at approximately 5 to 35% symptomatic plants per field.
In this study, we examine the factors affecting biomass enzymatic reactivity.
The high molecular weight glutenin subunits were the most affected.
Aspirin has shown a protective effect in population-based studies.
Naturally occurring VHL mutations have been evaluated to determine their effect on HIF-a ubiquitination.
A favorable effect of high intakes of milk and yogurt has been suggested by a hospital-based case-control study.
In addition to its effect on p53 checkpoint function, deletion of p14AR7 also affects the expression of p27.
在區辨這兩個詞的時候,大家可以參考以下這條規則:affect 常作為動詞使用,而 effect 則常用作名詞。
參考文獻:
https://www.internationalscienceediting.com/affect-or-effect/
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團結愛院 創新學習
主動服務 愛心奉獻
和諧人文 幸福家園