機器學習揭示人類神經元和神經膠質中體細胞L1插入的雙邊分布模式
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2021/1/14 14:45:10
美國史丹福大學Alexander E. Urban團隊通過機器學習揭示人類神經元和神經膠質中體細胞L1插入的雙邊分布模式。相關論文於2021年1月11日在線發表在《自然—神經科學》雜誌上。
通過使用機器學習方法(RetroSom)和深層全基因組測序,研究人員分析了人腦神經元和神經膠質中的L1和Alu逆轉座。研究人員對精神分裂症供體神經元和神經膠質中的兩個大腦特定L1插入進行了表徵。L1插入在兩個半球的神經元和神經膠質中呈解剖分布,這表明逆轉座發生在早期胚胎發生期間。兩種插入都在與神經精神疾病相關的基因組位點內的基因(CNNM2和FRMD4A)的內含子內。
實驗表明,這些L1插入大大降低了基因表達。這些結果表明,RetroSom在腦發育研究中具有廣泛的應用,並可能提供對體細胞逆轉座的病理學見解。
據悉,逆轉座子可引起人神經系統中的體細胞基因組變異,據推測與人類大腦發育和神經精神疾病有關。然而,人們對個體體細胞可移動元件插入的檢測存在信噪比的問題。
附:英文原文
Title: Machine learning reveals bilateral distribution of somatic L1 insertions in human neurons and glia
Author: Xiaowei Zhu, Bo Zhou, Reenal Pattni, Kelly Gleason, Chunfeng Tan, Agnieszka Kalinowski, Steven Sloan, Anna-Sophie Fiston-Lavier, Jessica Mariani, Dmitri Petrov, Ben A. Barres, Laramie Duncan, Alexej Abyzov, Hannes Vogel, John V. Moran, Flora M. Vaccarino, Carol A. Tamminga, Douglas F. Levinson, Alexander E. Urban
Issue&Volume: 2021-01-11
Abstract: Retrotransposons can cause somatic genome variation in the human nervous system, which is hypothesized to have relevance to brain development and neuropsychiatric disease. However, the detection of individual somatic mobile element insertions presents a difficult signal-to-noise problem. Using a machine-learning method (RetroSom) and deep whole-genome sequencing, we analyzed L1 and Alu retrotransposition in sorted neurons and glia from human brains. We characterized two brain-specific L1 insertions in neurons and glia from a donor with schizophrenia. There was anatomical distribution of the L1 insertions in neurons and glia across both hemispheres, indicating retrotransposition occurred during early embryogenesis. Both insertions were within the introns of genes (CNNM2 and FRMD4A) inside genomic loci associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Proof-of-principle experiments revealed these L1 insertions significantly reduced gene expression. These results demonstrate that RetroSom has broad applications for studies of brain development and may provide insight into the possible pathological effects of somatic retrotransposition. Zhu et al. discover that in human brain there is widespread anatomic distribution of low-frequency somatic, mosaic L1 insertions, using deep whole-genome sequencing of neuronal and glial fractions and machine-learning analysis.
DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00767-4
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-020-00767-4