體液免疫和細胞免疫在獼猴中對SARS-CoV-2感染具有保護作用
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/12/9 13:03:26
美國哈佛醫學院Dan H. Barouch課題組揭示體液免疫和細胞免疫在獼猴中對SARS-CoV-2感染的保護作用。2020年12月4日,《自然》雜誌在線發表了這項成果。
研究人員發現,從恢復性獼猴的純化IgG過繼轉移以劑量依賴的方式保護了未感染獼猴免受SARS-CoV-2攻擊。康復動物中CD8+T細胞的耗竭部分地廢除了針對SARS-CoV-2再次感染的天然免疫保護,這提示了細胞免疫在抗體效價下降時的重要性。這些數據表明,相對較低的抗體滴度足以保護獼猴免受SARS-CoV-2感染,並且如果抗體反應欠佳,細胞免疫應答也可能有助於保護。
研究人員還顯示,獼猴治療SARS-CoV-2感染需要更高的抗體滴度。這些發現對SARS-CoV-2疫苗和免疫療法的發展具有重要意義。
據悉,最近的研究報告了自然免疫和疫苗誘導的免疫在獼猴中SARS-CoV-2感染的保護作用。然而,體液和細胞免疫對於預防SARS-CoV-2感染的重要性仍待確定。
附:英文原文
Title: Correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques
Author: Katherine McMahan, Jingyou Yu, Noe B. Mercado, Carolin Loos, Lisa H. Tostanoski, Abishek Chandrashekar, Jinyan Liu, Lauren Peter, Caroline Atyeo, Alex Zhu, Esther A. Bondzie, Gabriel Dagotto, Makda S. Gebre, Catherine Jacob-Dolan, Zhenfeng Li, Felix Nampanya, Shivani Patel, Laurent Pessaint, Alex Van Ry, Kelvin Blade, Jake Yalley-Ogunro, Mehtap Cabus, Renita Brown, Anthony Cook, Elyse Teow, Hanne Andersen, Mark G. Lewis, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, Galit Alter, Dan H. Barouch
Issue&Volume: 2020-12-04
Abstract: Recent studies have reported protective efficacy of both natural immunity1 and vaccine-induced immunity2–7 against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) challenge in rhesus macaques. However, the importance of humoral and cellular immunity for protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection remains to be determined. Here we show that adoptive transfer of purified IgG from convalescent macaques protects nave recipient rhesus macaques against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in a dose dependent fashion. Depletion of CD8+ T cells in convalescent animals partially abrogated the protective efficacy of natural immunity against SARS-CoV-2 re-challenge, suggesting the importance of cellular immunity in the context of waning or subprotective antibody titers. These data demonstrate that relatively low antibody titers are sufficient for protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques, and that cellular immune responses may also contribute to protection if antibody responses are suboptimal. We also show that higher antibody titers are required for therapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques. These findings have important implications for the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and immune-based therapeutics.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03041-6
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03041-6