Understandingthe Mechanisms Involved in the Regulation of CytochromeP450 Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Doi:10.4172/2161-0983.1000189
Entomology,Ornithology & Herpetology:Current Research
2017
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are known to play a central role in the adaptive response of insects and other animals to chemicals in the environment. Drosophila spp. P450s are known to be regulated by Cap 『n』 collarisoform C (CnCC) and/ Spineless (ss) which are orthologs to Nuclear factorerythroid-2 factor 2 (Nrf2)/Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in higher mammals. However, the mechanism underpinning this regulation in insects including fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster is poorly understood. Understanding the constitutive and inducible patterns of expression requires knowledge about the signalling pathways that control insect P450 expression, which is still lacking for most identified insect P450s. D. melanogaster, because of its longstanding use as a genetic modelinsect, is a powerful tool for identifying possible regulatory mechanisms andfor following expression through to function. Here, we describe the rolesplayed by the cis-acting elements and the Transcription Factors (TFIF) mechanisms involved in the regulation of cytochrome P450 genes in D.melanogaster in response to xenobiotic compounds. These cis-acting elements include; promoters, enhancers, repressors, silencers and insulators. The regulatory mechanisms involved in the regulation of the P450s by the spineless(ss)/tango (Tgo) and CnCC/dKeap1 (Drosophila Kelch-like ECH-associated protein1) signalling pathways in insecticide resistance were also extensively discussed. This review increases our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in the insecticide metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster.
摘要
已知細胞色素P450單氧化酶(P450)在昆蟲和其他動物在對環境中的化學物質適應過程中起到了關鍵作用。果蠅屬P450是被Cap 『n』 collar isoform C(CnCC)和Spineless(ss)所調控,它們是高等哺乳動物Nrf2和AhR的同源物。然而,包括果蠅在內的昆蟲中的支持這一機制的研究卻很少。理解組成的和誘導的表達模式需要的關於控制昆蟲P450表達的信號途徑對於大多數昆蟲鑑定的P450仍然相當缺乏。黑腹果蠅因為他們長期作為基因模式昆蟲來使用,是一個鑑定可能的調控機制以及跟蹤表達直至發揮作用的有效地工具。這裡,我們描述了順式作用元件發揮的作用和轉錄因子(TFIF)參與到黑腹果蠅響應外源物質的機制。順式作用元件包括啟動子,增強子,抑制子,沉默子和絕緣子。參與到P450基因的調控機制通過spineless(ss)/tango(Tgo)以及CnCC/dKeap1信號途徑在殺蟲劑抗性中也進行了廣泛的討論。這個綜述提高了我們對於參與到黑腹果蠅殺蟲劑代謝的調控機制的理解。
通訊作者:Mohammed BR
通訊單位:英國阿伯泰大學