人類幹細胞衍生的神經元可修復迴路並恢復神經功能
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/9/23 12:58:41
中國科學院腦科學與智能卓越創新中心陳躍軍等研究人員發現,人類幹細胞(hESC)衍生的神經元可修復迴路並恢復神經功能。該研究於2020年9月22日在線發表於國際一流學術期刊《細胞—幹細胞》。
研究人員將hESC衍生的中腦多巴胺(mDA)或穀氨酸皮質神經元移植到小鼠帕金森氏病(PD)模型的黑質或紋狀體中,並發現移植物能夠與宿主迴路廣泛整合。通向背側紋狀體的軸突尋路取決於移植神經元的身份,而突觸前的解剖輸入在很大程度上取決於移植物的位置,但抑制性與興奮性輸入則取決於移植神經元的身份。hESC衍生的mDA神經元顯示出A9特性並恢復了重建的黑紋狀體迴路功能,從而介導運動功能的改善。
這些結果表明,在移植重建的迴路和內源性神經網絡之間,特定於細胞類型的突觸前後整合具有相似性,這突顯了hPSC衍生神經元亞型在成年大腦中進行特定迴路修復和功能恢復的能力。
據了解,儘管細胞移植可以挽救帕PD模型中的運動缺陷,但移植物是否以及如何在功能上修復成年大腦中受損的神經迴路尚不清楚。
附:英文原文
Title: Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons Repair Circuits and Restore Neural Function
Author: Man Xiong, Yezheng Tao, Qinqin Gao, Ban Feng, Wei Yan, Yingying Zhou, Thomas A. Kotsonis, Tingli Yuan, Zhiwen You, Ziyan Wu, Jiajie Xi, Alexander Haberman, Julia Graham, Jasper Block, Wenhao Zhou, Yuejun Chen, Su-Chun Zhang
Issue&Volume: 2020-09-22
Abstract: Although cell transplantation can rescue motor defects in Parkinson’s disease (PD)models, whether and how grafts functionally repair damaged neural circuitry in theadult brain is not known. We transplanted hESC-derived midbrain dopamine (mDA) orcortical glutamate neurons into the substantia nigra or striatum of a mouse PD model and found extensive graft integration with host circuitry.Axonal pathfinding toward the dorsal striatum was determined by the identity of thegrafted neurons, and anatomical presynaptic inputs were largely dependent on graftlocation, whereas inhibitory versus excitatory input was dictated by the identityof grafted neurons. hESC-derived mDA neurons display A9 characteristics and restorefunctionality of the reconstructed nigrostriatal circuit to mediate improvements inmotor function. These results indicate similarity in cell-type-specific pre- and post-synapticintegration between transplant-reconstructed circuit and endogenous neural networks,highlighting the capacity of hPSC-derived neuron subtypes for specific circuit repairand functional restoration in the adult brain.
DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.08.014
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/fulltext/S1934-5909(20)30410-0