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|文章標題:
mTOR supports long-term self-renewal andsuppresses mesoderm and endoderm activitiesof human embryonic stem cells
|核心內容:
儘管最近發現的轉錄調控電路包括 SOX2、 NANOG 和 OCT-4,但是控制人類胚胎幹細胞(hESCs)多能性的細胞內信號網絡仍然很大程度上是未確定的。 Fig. 1. Inhibition or depletion of mTOR disrupts pluripotency of hESCs.在這裡,我們證明了絲氨酸/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶哺乳動物雷帕黴素靶蛋白(mTOR)在調節 hESC 長期未分化生長中的重要作用。圖2. mTOR抑制可誘導內胚層和中胚層活動,並抑制細胞增殖mTOR的抑制會損傷多能性,阻止細胞增殖,增強中胚層和內胚層活性。在分子水平上,mTOR 整合來自外部多能性支持因子的信號,並抑制發育和生長抑制性基因亞群的轉錄活動,正如全基因組晶片分析所揭示的那樣。 Fig. 3. mTOR integrates extrinsic pluripotency-supporting signalsmTOR 抑制發育基因是維持胚胎幹細胞多能性的必要條件。 Fig. 4. mTOR represses expression of growth inhibitory and developmental genes in hESCs.這些結果揭示了一種新的信號機制,通過 mTOR 控制 hESCs 的命運決定。我們的發現可能有助於組織修復和再生的有效策略。圖5. mTOR通過促進細胞增殖和抑制分化來支持hESC的長期自我更新的一種模型。
mTOR對bFGF、MEF-CM和KSR等外在因素有反應,整合併傳遞多能支持信號。激活mTOR抑制Wnt信號通路,結合未知機制(虛線;問號)抑制MIXL1、Brachyury(T基因)、EBF2和PITX2在hESCs中的轉錄活性。抑制發育基因是OCT-4/SOX2/NANOG網絡穩定性所必需的。mTOR還抑制生長抑制分子,包括Cyclin G2和PDCD4,從而促進細胞增殖。
Despite the recent identification of the transcriptional regulatory circuitry involving SOX2, NANOG, and OCT-4, the intracellular signaling networks that control pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) remain largely undefined.
Here, we demonstrate an essential role for the serine/threonine protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in regulating hESC long-term undifferentiated growth.
Inhibition of mTOR impairs pluripotency, prevents cell proliferation, and enhances mesoderm and endoderm activities in hESCs.
At the molecular level, mTOR integrates signals from extrinsic pluripotency-supporting factors and represses the transcriptional activities of a subset of developmental and growthinhibitory genes, as revealed by genome-wide microarray analyses. Repression of the developmental genes by mTOR is necessary for the maintenance of hESC pluripotency. These results uncover a novel signaling mechanism by which mTOR controls fate decisions in hESCs. Our findings may contribute to effective strategies for tissue repair and regeneration.
參考文獻:https://sci-hub.se/10.1073/pnas.0901854106
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