ISE本期博客，是由ISE總部 Lisa Clancy 博士撰寫和設計的一張信息圖（infographic），為我們提供了科研論文寫作中動詞時態的小TIPS。
要寫出一份可發表級別的優秀科技論文，語言部分的關鍵在於動詞時態。在這張信息圖中，我們將討論何時、何地以及如何使用不同的動詞時態。
1. Title 標題
Titles are often not complete sentences, i.e., no verb is used.
標題通常不是完整的句子，一般不涉及到動詞。
Fully device independent quantum key distribution.
If you do want to use a complete sentence, use the present tense.
如果你一定要寫一個完整的句子，動詞就用一般現在時。
What your Facebook profile picture revealsabout your personality.
2. Introduction 引言
Present tense – use when stating general truths.
一般現在時——在陳述一般事實時使用。
Many programmers relyon 3-way merge tools to integrate changes from different branches.
Present perfect – use when describing actions that happened in the past but are still relevant today.
現在完成時——用來描述過去發生但仍然與今天相關的行為。
Classification analyses of various sorts have been usedfrequently for structuring document collections.
Past tense – use when discussing previous studies or past events.
一般過去式——在討論以前的研究或過去的事件時使用。
The ACM US Public Policy Council (USACM) was establishedin the early 1990s.
3. Method 方法
The past tense is mostly used in the methods section.
一般過去式主要用在方法部分。
The motion was generatedby rotating around a central vertical axis at the center of the point cloud using Equation (1).
Occasionally, the past perfect tense and past continuous tense are required.
有時需要使用過去完成時和過去進行時。
Past perfect tense – use when describing an action that occurred before another action.
過去完成時——用於描述一個動作發生在另一個動作之前。
Recruitment efforts were stopped once data saturation had been reached.
Past continuous tense – use when describing an ongoing action that occurred in the past.
過去進行時——用於描述過去發生的正在進行的動作。
The program team came together during major milestones to verify that the project was progressingon-schedule.
4. Results 結果
The past tense is mostly used in the results section of hypothesis-based studies.
在基於假設的研究中，一般過去時主要用於結果部分。
We found little evidence for the 「filter bubble」 hypothesis.
The present tense is often used when describing new methodologies.
一般現在時經常用於描述新方法。
With Scatter/Gather, rather than being forced to provide terms, the user is presented with a set of clusters, an outline of the corpus.
5. Discussion 討論
As with introductions, a mixture of tenses is used in the discussion sections of scientific manuscripts, including the past tense, the present tense and the future tense.
和引言一樣，在科技論文的討論部分動詞時態比較靈活，包括一般過去時、一般現在時和一般將來時。
Future tense – use when discussing the implications of the study.
一般將來時——在討論研究的意義時使用。
Understanding these privacy norms will allowmanufacturers to design devices that consumers are comfortable incorporating into their homes.
6. Figure/table legends 圖片和表格的說明
Present tense – use when referencing the figures/tables in the text
一般現在時——在引用論文中的圖表時使用
Examples are shown in Table 1 and Fig. 2.