科學家揭示慢性感染過程中早期前體T細胞的功能
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2020/8/25 14:39:22
澳大利亞墨爾本大學Axel Kallies和Daniel T. Utzschneider研究團隊發現,在慢性感染過程中早期前體T細胞建立並傳遞T細胞耗竭。這一研究成果發表在2020年8月24日的《自然-免疫學》上。
在本研究中,研究人員證明了高抗原負載促進了前體T細胞的分化,該前體T細胞在感染後數天內獲得了耗竭的標誌,而早期效應細胞則保留了多功能的特徵。早期前體T細胞表現出T細胞受體依賴性轉錄因子結合的表觀遺傳印記特徵,並且該特徵僅存在於具有衰竭特徵的細胞中。轉錄因子BACH2和BATF是早期前體T細胞生成過程中發揮相反功能的關鍵調控因子。
總的來說,該研究證明細胞衰竭首先出現在TCF1+前體T細胞中,隨後傳播到抗原特異性T細胞庫中。
據了解,對慢性感染或腫瘤有反應的CD8+ T細胞會出現「疲憊」狀態,這與抑制性受體(包括PD-1)的表達升高和細胞因子生成受損有關。耗竭的T細胞不斷被具有自我更新且依賴轉錄因子TCF1特徵的前體T細胞補充。但是,對他們發育的需求知之甚少。
附:英文原文
Title: Early precursor T cells establish and propagate T cell exhaustion in chronic infection
Author: Daniel T. Utzschneider, Sarah S. Gabriel, David Chisanga, Renee Gloury, Patrick M. Gubser, Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar, Wei Shi, Axel Kallies
Issue&Volume: 2020-08-24
Abstract: CD8+ T cells responding to chronic infections or tumors acquire an 『exhausted』 state associated with elevated expression of inhibitory receptors, including PD-1, and impaired cytokine production. Exhausted T cells are continuously replenished by T cells with precursor characteristics that self-renew and depend on the transcription factor TCF1; however, their developmental requirements are poorly understood. In the present study, we demonstrate that high antigen load promoted the differentiation of precursor T cells, which acquired hallmarks of exhaustion within days of infection, whereas early effector cells retained polyfunctional features. Early precursor T cells showed epigenetic imprinting characteristic of T cell receptor–dependent transcription factor binding and were restricted to the generation of cells displaying exhaustion characteristics. Transcription factors BACH2 and BATF were key regulators with opposing functions in the generation of early precursor T cells. Overall, we demonstrate that exhaustion manifests first in TCF1+ precursor T cells and is propagated subsequently to the pool of antigen-specific T cells.
DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0760-z
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-020-0760-z