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在已知世界之下
Beneath the earth we know
深藏著另一個世界
lie other worlds
不復存在
hidden from sight
消逝於歲月長河之中
lost in time
但有時我們能從殘存的過去中
But sometimes we can glimpse a lost world
窺知些微真相
through remnants of the past
我們發現的肯定是頭骨 右側骨 你覺得呢?
We definitely got a skull.Lower right What do you think?
難說啊
It's hard to say
這個故事由發現不可辨的骨頭開始
This story begins with a discovery of unidentified bones
沉積層
Depositional environment
一隊古生物學家
A team of paleontologists will try to figure out
試圖辨別出骸骨是來自何種生物
whose bones they are
是哪個時代遺留下的
and what world they came from
確定時間段 這是開始
So we got a time frameThat's a start
骸骨在堪薩斯被發現
They were discovered in Kansas-
現在這裡大多是農場
mostly farmland today
曾幾何時 此處是一片汪洋大海
But once Kansas lay beneath a vast sea
那是八千二百萬年前
It was 82 million years ago
正處於恐龍時代
during the age of the dinosaurs
此時還有另一個巨獸的世界
But there was another world of giants on Earth
水下世界
a submerged world
一個由無數海獸和神奇生物統治的國度
where enormous reptiles ruled seas filled with incredible creatures
這
These
是從古至今最危險的大海
were the most dangerous seas of all time
沒有誰是安全的
No living thing was safe
巨型海獸已經絕跡很久
The great marine reptiles disappeared long ago
他們的國度也不復存在
and time has buried their world
我們仍可以遇到那時的海洋巨獸
But any of us might still encounter a sea monster
巴迪
Buddy
毫無預兆地 遙遠的過去回來了
As if from nowhere the distant past returns
科學家們不僅希望發現古生物化石
The scientists hope to find not just the fossil of an ancient creature
更想知道化石所承載的故事
but a story recorded in its bones
拿上工具
Grab your tools
雨水衝走部分灰巖露出這個
Rain washed some of the chalk away and exposed it
太棒了
This is great
他們發覺這很不尋常
They recognize it as something special
罕見的長喙龍
a rare Dolichorhynchops
俗稱多利龍
a dolly for short
這是白堊紀晚期的一種海洋動物
It was a marine reptile of the late Cretaceous
比海豚略大
a little bigger than a dolphin
遊泳健將
and a fast swimmer
為解讀骨頭裡的故事
To unravel any story the bones may tell
他們翻查所有已知的海獸資料
the investigators will draw on everything they know about marine reptiles
對 看起來象黃昏鳥
Yeah it looks like Hesperornis
他們的化石初次發現至今已幾十年
Their fossils have been found around the world over decades
他身長可能超過10米
It could have been over 30 feet long
我們帶回實驗室的母體物質顯示
The matrix materials we've got in the lab seem to indicate-
這些發現會幫助研究小組
These finds will help the team
將長喙龍拼湊完整
piece together the story of the dolly
描繪他們當時在海中暢遊的場景
and picture the moment in time when it swam in the sea
長喙龍所在的大海與現在大有不同
In many ways the dolly's world was far different from ours
氣候那時更溫暖
The climate was warmer
海平面更高 海洋面積更大
Sea levels were higher and more of Earth was submerged
這隻長喙龍應該生活在深海中央
This dolly would have lived in a vast inland sea
那時的大海把美洲一分為二
that cut North America in two
海洋動物在歐洲近海也時有發現
Marine reptiles were also found in the waters around Europe
那時的大陸是零星散布的島嶼
which was a scattering of islands
被海洋包圍著
and throughout the world's oceans
他們逐漸滅絕
In time they died out
海水退卻
and sea levels retreated
暴露出大面積的海床
exposing vast areas of seabed
古海洋生物化石就在陸地相繼出現
Fossils from the ancient oceans turned up on every continent
[澳大利亞南部 2002年]
在澳大利亞內陸的發現
A discovery in the Australian outback
給我們提供了長喙龍發源的線索
offers clues to how the dolly's life may have begun
一致的骨骼結構表明
It seems to be laying out in a pretty consistent pattern
95%化石來自於幼體
95% of the fossils we're finding here are the bones of juveniles
同一區域發現許多小型骨骼
So many small bones in one area
說明海洋動物群集淺灘哺育後代
suggests that marine reptiles gathered in protected shallows to give birth
而在北美發現的這隻長喙龍的故事
And in North America that's how the story of this dolly
由此展開
begins to unfold
想像一下 在淡藍的淺灘
Imagine that one of the creatures in the shallows
一隻懷孕的長喙龍
is a pregnant Dolichorhynchops
生下一隻雄仔
She gives birth to a male
十八英寸 花色如同母親
18 inches long and colored like his mother
和一隻雌仔
and a female
顏色深些 眼下部有塊淺色斑點
darker in color with light patches below her eyes
她的故事由此展開
And it's her life we begin to follow
她和她哥哥是需要呼吸空氣
She and her brother are air breathers
本能告訴她們生命中的第一分鐘要怎麼做
Instinct tells them what they have to do in their first minute alive
從一開始
From the beginning
小母龍和哥哥就要學習各種生存技能
the little female and her brother practice skills they'll need one day
終究他們要離開安全的淺灘
when they'll have to leave the safety of the shallows
前往危險的深海
for the dangerous seas beyond
如果她能存活
If she survives the perils to come
有朝一日 她會回到這裡生養後代
she'll return here one day and have young of her own
此時她已經發現爭食者
Already she finds competition for food
這是黃昏鳥
There's the Hesperornis
長喙裡布滿利齒卻不會飛的鳥
a bird that can't fly and has a beak full of sharp teeth
還有冥河龍
And the Styxosaurus
長喙龍的遠親
a distant cousin of the dolly's
有超長的脖頸
with a supersized neck
成年冥河龍身長能達三十五英尺
An adult can reach 35 feet in length
其中大半是脖頸
more than half of it neck
體型讓他們遊不快
Its shape makes it a slower swimmer
可卻是捕魚好手
but it's great for catching fish
小長喙龍遇到一群
The little dolly soon comes across creatures that move
從殼內噴水移動的生物
by pumping jets of water from their shells
他們是鸚鵡螺
They're called ammonites
他們在古代海洋很繁盛
and they thrive in the ancient sea
他們不僅有著巖石般堅硬的外殼
They have rock-hard armor
還會別的防身術
and perhaps another defense
正如這隻遊的太近的小母龍
Swim too close like the little female
被噴了一臉的墨水
and get a face full of ink
但這阻止不了年輕的板果龍
But that doesn't stop a young Platecarpus
把他們當作點心
when it wants a snack
鸚鵡螺一度繁盛
Ammonites were once abundant
他們的化石屢見不鮮
Their fossils have been uncovered often
甚至連德克薩斯的修路工也找到不少
even by a road crew in Texas
[德克薩斯州中部 1980年]
鸚鵡螺 到處都是
Ammonites A lot of'em
鸚鵡螺有許多種類
There were many kinds of ammonites
我們知道他們生存的年代
and we know when most of them lived
所以他們的化石如同時間標籤
so their fossils are like markers in time
通過鸚鵡螺的化石
Identify an ammonite and you
推斷附近物種的生存年代
date other less common fossils nearby
這方法確認了長喙龍生存的年代
That helps place dollies in the long history of marine reptiles
他們起源於約二億五百萬年前
It began some 250 million years ago
三疊紀
in the Triassic period
此時 陸地爬行類動物移居海洋
with land reptiles that moved into the sea
進化出腳蹼和鰭
They developed webbed feet then flippers
有些進化出防護甲
Some had elaborate armor
在侏羅紀 他們繼續發展
Into the Jurassic they continued to evolve
直達深海
To see at great depths
有的眼睛大如餐盤
some had eyes the size of dinner plates
頂級獵食者 天生的霸王
top predators who grew immense and powerful
在白堊紀晚期發展到頂峰
reaching their peak in the late Cretaceous
接近恐龍時代末期
near the end of the dinosaur age
也正是長喙龍的時代
the very time when the Dolichorhynchops lived
幾個月過去了
Months have passed
小母龍和哥哥正值豆蔻年華
The female and her brother are now juveniles