「小寒」一般譯作Minor Cold,是中國傳統二十四節氣(the 24 traditional Chinese solar terms)中的第二十三個節氣。
Minor Cold is the 23rd solar term of the 24 traditional Chinese solar terms. For most areas of China, it marks the start of the coldest days of the year. This year's Minor Cold starts on Jan 5.
按公曆來算,小寒是每年的第一個節氣,寒冬已至,春天便不再遙遠。
採購年貨,準備過年
Stocking up for New Year
進入小寒年味漸濃,人們開始忙著寫春聯(Spring Festival couplets)、剪窗花(paper-cuts for window decoration),趕集買年畫(New Year pictures)、彩燈(lanterns)、鞭炮(fire crackers)、香火(incense )等,陸續為春節作準備。
喝臘八粥
Eating Laba porridge
「小寒」節氣中有一重要的民俗就是吃「臘八粥」。北京的臘八粥可以說是最為講究的,摻在白米中的東西較多,如紅棗、蓮子、核桃、慄子、杏仁、松仁、桂圓、葡萄、白果、青絲、玫瑰、紅豆、花生……不下20種(more than 20 kinds of nuts, cereals and dried fruits)。
飲食上,各地有各地的習俗,天津吃黃芽菜、廣東吃糯米飯、南京吃菜飯。
小寒吃黃芽菜,是天津的一項習俗。「黃芽菜」是白菜的一個舊稱,因其菜心淺黃如嫩芽,故名「黃芽菜」。為方便保存,冬季人們還會將其醃製,做成「冬菜」。
There are large amounts of Vitamins A and B in huangyacai. As huangyacai is fresh and tender, it is fit for frying, roasting and braising.
黃芽菜富含維生素A和維生素B。鮮嫩的黃芽菜炒、燒和燉均可。
根據傳統,廣東人小寒的早晨要吃糯米飯。糯米含糖量高,有良好的驅寒效果,一碗下去,全身暖暖的。
Cantonese people mix fried preserved pork, sausage and peanuts into the rice. According to the theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine, glutinous rice has the effect of tonifying the spleen and stomach in the cold season.
廣東人會將炸制的豬肉、香腸和花生混入米飯中。根據中醫理論,糯米飯在寒冷的季節有滋養脾胃的效果。
古時,南京人對待小寒的態度非常正式,但隨著時間的流逝,小寒期間的諸多慶典儀式漸漸在歷史中流散。然而,吃菜飯的習俗一直保留了下來,直到今天。
The steamed vegetable rice is incredibly delicious. Some of the ingredients likeaijiaohuang (a kind of green vegetable), sausage and salted duck are the specialties in Nanjing.
這種蒸製的米飯有種難以形容的美味,其配料矮腳黃、香腸和鹽水鴨均為南京特產。