[語法]Why 「Friends」 is still the world’s favourite sitcom, 25 years on 25年過去了,為什麼《老友記》仍然是世界上最受歡迎的情景喜劇
25 years on是個獨立主格,做的是時間狀語。這裡獨立主格結構是25 years(名詞) +on(小品副詞)。關於獨立主格,我在「婚姻故事」這篇裡詳細說明過,大家可以點擊藍字前往複習。
[寫作]A+B is a winning combination
a winning combination成功的搭檔、取勝的組合。比如說,我們在形容一個成功人士的性格時就可以用到這個表達:Steve Jobs was diligent and creative—a winning combination that helps to explain why Apple has achieved a runaway success.
另外,一般表示「A and B」的時候我們可以在它們前面加上a combination/mix of。
同時這整一句話我們都可以記下來,因為為了去形容為什麼老友記會成功也值得記一記~
25年過去了,為什麼《老友記》仍然是世界上最受歡迎的情景喜劇可愛的角色,和對20多歲理想生活的呈現仍然是一個成功的組合「LOOK AROUND, you guys,」 says Chandler Bing to his newly adopted twins, as his friends and family leave his apartment for the last time. 「This was your first home. And it was a happy place, filled with love and laughter. But more important, because of rent control, it was a friggin』 steal!」 The Bing twins would be 15 now, and September 22nd marks a quarter of a century since the 「Friends」 gang made their debut on NBC. Their floppy haircuts, enormous phones and quaint dating rituals belong to a distant past, in which coffee was seldom pumpkin-spiced and people jotted down their contact details on napkins. Yet somehow, decades on, the happy place that Chandler describes—and the 236 episodes of love and laughter that occurred there—remains the world’s favourite location for an evening’s entertainment.
[科普]什麼是rent control?
美國的政府管控租金政策從上世紀40年代就已經開始,最初以控制戰時通漲為目的,之後幾經流變時緊時松,管制方式和名目也多種多樣,房屋租賃市場卻在管與不管的輾轉中蓬勃發展。1969年,紐約為了應付當時的住房危機,又通過了「租金穩定法」將更多房屋納入管制範圍,讓低收入民眾不至於無家可歸。這些法律基本上使1947年2月1日到1974年1月1日之間興建的大批公寓被列入租金管制範圍,使自1971年1月1日起持續居住在這些租金管制公寓中的房客不用擔心租金飛漲的問題。
「持續居住」基本可以理解為「子女可繼承」,即使年輕一代早已不屬於低收入群體,只要一直住在老屋裡,就享受漲租保護。所謂保護指的是每年房屋的漲幅房東做不了主,而是由一個政府指定的租金釐定委員會根據前一年通脹情況作出具體規定,這些年漲幅基本保持在2%到4%的水平。
所以莫妮卡公寓的租金應該很低,而且熟悉老友記的胖友們應該知道莫妮卡是從祖母那裡繼承的公寓,對應了上一段「子女可繼承」的介紹。所以才有了錢德勒的這句話, because of rent control, it was a friggin』 steal!
friggin』 是freaking的一個異寫,表示非常的。寫幾個例句大家就明白了:Now get out of here, you friggin' thief! 快滾出去,你這個該死的小偷!Good grief. What's the big friggin' deal? 老天啊,這有什麼可大驚小怪的?Is anyone gonna fix this friggin' thing?沒人修這破玩意嗎?
gang在這裡的意思可不是黑幫,它表示a group of friends who meet regularly 一夥(經常聚在一起的朋友),比如,Come on over, we've got lots of the old gang here. 過來吧,好多老朋友都在這兒。
made their debut我們在「直播」和「母親節」這兩篇文章中都介紹過。大家可以點擊藍字複習一下。
make one’s debut在這裡表示首次播出。關於播出,這篇文章裡還用了air一詞,後面會見到。
[句型]Their floppy haircuts, enormous phones and quaint dating rituals belong to a distant past.主角們蓬鬆的髮型、笨重的電話和老式的約會慣例都看起來恍若隔世。
先來熟悉一下裡面的單詞:floppy haircuts表示蓬鬆的頭髮。floppy的意思是hanging or falling loosely; not hard and stiff鬆散下垂的;耷拉的;鬆軟的,比如,a dog with long floppy ears耷拉著長耳朵的狗。
根據90年代的實際髮型,這裡floppy我們取其鬆軟的,蓬鬆的之意,比如下圖錢德勒母親的頭髮:
quaint首先明確一下發音, /kweɪnt/ ,結合語境,這裡的意思是old-fashioned老式的。quaint dating rituals就表示老式的約會慣例。
最後看一下其中的句型,XX belongs to a distant past. 表示...都是過去的事情了;或者...過時了。我們在寫今夕對比的時候可以用上。比如,過去的深圳是一個小漁村,如今是一個國際大都市。The image of a backward fishing village belongs to a distant past; nowadays, Shenzhen has risen to become one of China’s richest cities.
表示今夕對比,再給大家介紹一個Gone are the days when…These days...。我們再重新做一下深圳這個句子,Gone are the days when Shenzhen was a small fishing village.These days it has become one of China’s richest cities.
spice表示給食物加香料,所以pumpkin-spiced coffee就是加了南瓜佐料的咖啡。用spice的話,一般加的都是肉桂、姜、辣椒粉等的重口佐料。
還有一個和味道有關的詞是flavour,它和spice都是既是名詞,也是及物動詞。但它們的區別是,spice是具體的香料、佐料。而flavour是抽象的「味道、滋味」。如果你說這菜沒滋味,要用flavour,要說得加些香料,那就是add some spice。
比如香草味的冰激凌,就要說成the vanilla-flavoured ice cream。
jot sth down 表示to write sth quickly草草記下;匆匆記下,I'll just jot down the address for you. 我得趕快把地址給你寫下來。
jotted down their contact details on napkins把約會對象的聯繫方式隨性地記在餐巾紙上,這很美國人,電影裡也有這樣的片段。
For proof of the enduring charm of 「Friends」, consider that in late 2018 Netflix paid the programme’s owner, WarnerMedia, about $100m for the right to stream it for the next 12 months. That is not far shy of the $130m that it reportedly spent producing 「The Crown」, its most expensive original show. Netflix is secretive with its data, but estimates from Nielsen, a research firm, suggest that 「Friends」 was the second-most watched programme among American subscribers in 2018, with an average of more than 20 episodes per account. Devoted fans might have to switch next year to HBO Max, WarnerMedia’s new streaming service, which will have exclusive rights to 「Friends」 in the United States.
[回譯]For proof of the enduring charm of 「Friends」, consider that...要想證明《老友記》經久不衰的魅力,不妨想想...
中文裡「想要證明」是個動詞,我們大概會用prove, certify等動詞搭配to do使用,構成目的狀語。但是本句給我提供了新穎的表達:for proof of sth。好表達不能放過,學習起來!
be not far shy of中shy of表示不足,不夠,通常用來修飾數據。一個shy就帶出了囊中羞澀的感覺,所以這個詞組應該不難理解。我們看兩個句子,At $200bn, its market value is only $50bn shy of that of Coca-Cola, the world’s biggest beverage company. 該公司市值為2000億美元,僅比全球最大飲料公司可口可樂(Coca-Cola)低500億美元。
另一個是,Thanks to them Germany has run the world’s biggest current-account surplus since 2016, last year just shy of $300bn (7.3% of GDP). 多虧了他們,德國自2016年以來一直保持著世界上最大的經常帳戶盈餘,去年接近3000億美元(佔GDP的7.3%)。
從這個句子告訴我們shy of還可以表示接近,差一點,代替我們常用的close to。
文中的far是用來修飾shy的,表示遠遠不夠,再加上一個not,not far shy of就表示相差無幾了。
reportedly 據說、據報導、據傳聞,相當於我們之前所學的it is reported that。比如:據報導,該礦事故發生率是全國平均水平的3倍。既可以說 It is reported that the mine had an accident rate triple the national average. 也可以改成副詞形式:The mine reportedly had an accident rate triple the national average.
類似的還有 It is alleged that=allegedly; It is supposed that=supposedly; It is purported that=purportedly; 且都可以表示據說,據稱。推薦大家多多用副詞形式來代替這種主語從句的結構。
the second-most watched programme 這個表達我們都能看懂,那麼如果要表達收視率最高的節目怎麼說呢?把second拿掉,the most-watched programme就行了。
另外表示收視率,我們還可用viewership。去年一篇描寫《都挺好》的文章中有這麼一句話,That exceeds the online viewership of the next most popular television series by 278m. 這比排名第二最受歡迎電視劇的在線收視率高出2.78億。
首先get一下這裡表示收視率第二的節目的表達。很顯然我們可以仿造the next most popular television來寫一下,即the next most watched programme。
再來看看viewership,它裡面帶有-ship這個詞綴,其中一個含義代表著「團體」,比如membership表示全體成員,所以viewership就表示「全部觀眾人數」,換算成電視臺語言就是「收視率」。比如一部電視劇收視率很高,可以用上面提到的a much-streamed/watched TV series, 也可以表達成a TV series that has gained strong viewership。
devoted fans忠誠的影迷,死忠粉。記住兩個它的同義詞,一個是loyal就不說了,一個是staunch /stɔːntʃ/,看一個例句,Staunch nationalists warned of echoes with the 「unequal treaties」 that foreign powers had forced upon China in the 19th century.堅定,忠誠的民族主義者呼籲警惕再出現19世紀外國列強強加給中國的那種「不平等條約」。
switch to表示訂戶從一家供應商換到另一家供應商,一般都會選用switch to。比如,One of the most fashionable ideas in business is that companies should earn their crust from subscribers, who are 「locked in」 for a period of time, rather than from customers who can easily switch to another provider at any time.商界最時興的點子之一是企業應該從訂戶而非普通客戶身上賺錢:前者會在一段時間內被「鎖定」,而後者隨時都能輕而易舉地轉投其他供應商的懷抱。
參考譯文:要想證明《老友記》經久不衰的魅力,不妨想想2018年末,Netflix向該節目的所有者華納傳媒(WarnerMedia)支付了約1億美元,購買了未來12個月的流媒體播放權。這與據報導花費1.3億美元製作的,其最昂貴的原創節目《王冠》相差無幾。Netflix對自己的數據緘口不言,但據尼爾森(Nielsen)調查公司估計,《老友記》是2018年美國訂戶收看次數第二多的節目,平均每個帳號收看20集以上。明年,忠實的粉絲們可能不得不轉向HBO Max,這是WarnerMedia的新流媒體服務,它將擁有《老友記》在美國的獨家版權。What has made the popularity of 「Friends」 so long-lasting? The show is certainly funny, but no more so than its rivals. Critics often point out that the humour of 「Seinfeld」 is more sophisticated in the way that it contorts everyday situations into hilarious episodes. The cringe-inducing interactions of a boss and his employees in 「The Office」 induce more belly laughs. By contrast, 「Friends」 gets most of its gags from its characters』 foibles: a pretentious one (Ross), a vain one (Rachel), an insecure one (Chandler), an uptight one (Monica), a stupid one (Joey) and an eccentric one (Phoebe).
made the popularity of 「Friends」 so long-lasting這裡我們提取出long-lasting popularity,就相當於上面一段的enduring charm,注意同義詞的替換。
[句型] The show is certainly funny, but no more so than its rivals. 這部劇確實很有趣,但並沒有比它的競爭對手更有趣。
表示對比的時候,我們可以用上這句。比如他很努力,但在考研大軍中還不是最努力的。He is certainly hard-working, but no more so than other students in preparing the postgraduate entrance exam.
[語法/翻譯] Critics often point out that the humour of 「Seinfeld」 is more sophisticated in the way that it contorts everyday situations into hilarious episodes.評論家們經常指出,《宋飛正傳》的幽默水平更高,它把日常場景扭曲成滑稽的情節。
我們先解釋一下詞吧,contort既是及物的,又是不及物的,意思類似我們熟悉的twist, distort,具體意思是to become twisted or make sth twisted out of its natural or normal shape(使)扭曲,走樣。比如,His face contorted with anger. 他臉都氣歪了。His face was contorted with rage.他臉都氣歪了。
hilarious/hɪˈleəriəs/表示extremely funny,比funny, amusing, entertaining程度要深一點。
接著聚焦在in the way that上。首先that引導的是定語從句,先行詞是way。way如果在定語從句中做方式狀語的話,那麼關係詞可以用in which, that,或者什麼都不用。
在翻譯的時候,這個in a/the way是不好處理的,當然不翻譯出來也沒有關係,就像參考譯文翻譯的一樣。
多讀幾遍後,會發現in the way that這裡其實和by, through有相同的功效,我們變一下試試,Critics often point out that the humour of 「Seinfeld」 is more sophisticated by contorting everyday situations into hilarious episodes.
所以反向思維,當我們用by, through的時候,不妨試用一下in the/a way that+句子,這樣造出來的句子才夠sophisticated(水平高的)。
cringe-inducing interactions就等於定語從句interactions that induce cringe。但是顯然原文的寫法更加簡潔新穎。
cringe在這裡的意思是to feel very embarrassed and uncomfortable about sth感到尷尬不安;覺得難為情,比如,It makes me cringe when I think how stupid I was.我想到自己的愚蠢就感到尷尬。
所以cringe-inducing interactions就表示產生,製造尷尬的辦公室互動。
induce more belly laughs注意這裡的搭配,induce表示引起,導致。belly laughs表示捧腹大笑,belly是腹部,肚子。
它和上面的hilarious可以綁定記下來,順手造一個句子吧,這個超級搞笑的視頻令人捧腹大笑,The hilarious video clip induces belly laughs.
gag表示a joke or a funny story, especially one told by a professional (尤指專業喜劇演員的)插科打諢,笑話,噱頭,笑點,可數名詞。
foible a silly habit or a strange or weak aspect of a person's character, that is considered harmless by other people (性格上無傷大雅的)怪癖,弱點,小缺點,我們來分別看看6位老友的小缺點:
Ross: pretentious(trying to appear important, intelligent, etc. in order to impress other people; trying to be sth that you are not, in order to impress炫耀的;虛誇;自命不凡的。)一個博士學位,一個NYU的tenure,有了這兩樣,即使離過三次婚,處於婚戀市場食物鏈底端的Ross依然很自負。
Rachel: vain虛榮的,所以很愛買買買。
Chandler: insecure缺乏安全感的,爹娘都不靠譜,痛恨節日,情歸莫妮卡後,過上了溫暖的小日子。
Monica: uptight緊張的,想必莫妮卡心中還是住著一個胖子吧。
Joey: stupid蠢萌蠢萌的,喬伊的傻宇宙蓋章。
Phoebe: eccentric古怪的,絕壁weird girl。
參考譯文:是什麼讓《老友記》經久不衰?這部劇確實很有趣,但並沒有比它的競爭對手更有趣。評論家們經常指出,《宋飛正傳》的幽默水平更高,它把日常場景扭曲成滑稽的情節。在《辦公室》中,老闆和員工之間令人尷尬的互動讓人捧腹大笑。相比之下,《老友記》的大部分笑料都來自劇中人物的缺點:自負(羅斯)、虛榮(瑞秋)、缺乏安全感(錢德勒)、緊張(莫妮卡)、愚蠢(喬伊)和古怪(菲比)。The other great appeal of 「Friends」 is its idealistic portrait of 20-something life. The theme tune claims to be about a quarter-life crisis: 「So no-one told you life was gonna be this way / Your job’s a joke, you’re broke, your love-life’s DOA [dead on arrival]」. Yet none of the characters spends much time at work, or worries too keenly about their income. The rent control that Chandler describes in the final episode is rarely mentioned, but it means that Monica can pay $200 a month for her flat in the West Village, rather than the estimated $8,000 it would cost today. All of the characters have exciting romantic lives—and with much funnier and more attractive partners than the audience could ever hope for.
這段比較簡單,我們稍微看一看。
[例句]The other great appeal of 「Friends」 is its idealistic portrait of 20-something life.《老友記》另一個引人入勝的地方是它對20多歲年輕人生活的理想化描述。
首先這句話對應了題目中的an idealised version of life in your 20s.
其次the great appeal是上文the enduring charm, the long-lasting popularity的同義表達。
第三20-something表示20多歲的。數字+something也可以指多大歲數的人,複數就是數字-somethings。something表示大致,左右。
最後這句話可以背下來當做一個套句:XX has an idealistic portrait of XX life.
The theme tune claims to be about a quarter-life crisis中the theme tune表示主題曲,claim這裡我選擇意譯。我認為它偏向於認領的意思,所以這句話字面理解起來就是光是主題曲就認領了四分之一的人生危機,再表達成中文人話,claim可以翻譯為描述。
Your love-life’s DOA [dead on arrival]括號裡已經解釋了DOA的意思,來到的時候就玩兒完了,頗有夭折的意思。
[拓展]外刊中表示[夭折的,失敗的]還有哪些詞呢?
abortive, fruitless, futile, ineffective, ineffectual, pointless, stillborn, unavailing, unfruitful, unproductive, unsuccessful, useless, vain等等。查漏補缺一下吧。
worry too keenly about their income就記一下搭配,用keenly來形容worry, worry keenly about sth/sb。
這篇文章就給大家分析到這裡,一篇沒有I』ll be there for you結尾的老友記文章,不是好的老友記文章。所以其實文章最後用上了這麼兩句話結尾,我們一起來看看,But the warmth that the writing brings to viewers in search of light entertainment after an enervating day has endured. They』ll be there for you.但是,在經歷了疲憊的一天後,這些文字為尋找輕鬆娛樂的觀眾帶來的溫暖經久不衰。他們一直在那裡,不離不棄。
先分析一下語法,But the warmth(主語)// that (定語從句)the writing brings to viewers //in search of light entertainment after an enervating day(後置定語修飾viewers)// has endured(謂語動詞).
其中enervating /ˈɛnəˌveɪtɪŋ/表示令人乏力的,是個形容社畜的好詞。所以當你忙活了一天,啥都不想幹了,就像來一點輕鬆娛樂的東西,那就選擇看老友記吧,入股不虧哦!
參考譯文:《老友記》另一個引人入勝的地方是它對20多歲年輕人生活的理想化描述。雖然主題曲講述了四分之一的人生危機:「沒人告訴過你生活會是這樣的/你的工作是個笑話,你破產了,你的愛情生活一團糟。」然而,句中沒有一個角色在工作上花很多時間,或者過於擔心自己的收入。錢德勒在最後一集中描述的租金管控很少被提及,但這意味著莫妮卡每月只需支付200美元租金,就能住上位於紐約西村的房子,而不是現在估計的8000美元。所有的角色都有激動人心的浪漫生活——有比觀眾想像中更有趣、更有吸引力的伴侶。