天然免疫系統通過特殊的免疫受體檢測病原體衍生的分子,以防止感染。植物免疫受體包括細胞表面駐留模式識別受體(PRRs,包括受體樣激酶(RLKs))和細胞內核苷酸結合域富含亮氨酸的重複蛋白(NLR)。RLK和NLR介導的信號是如何聯繫在一起的仍然是個謎。破壞免疫激活的MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 MAPK級聯可通過MAPK激酶MEKK2激活NLR SUMM2,導致自身免疫。
為了深入了解SUMM2激活的機制,我們對mek1自身免疫抑制因子進行了基於RNA幹擾的遺傳篩選,並確定了一個未知的類似於malectin的RLK,命名為LETUM1(LET1),作為SUMM2激活的特異性調節因子。
MEKK2支架為LET1和SUMM2提供蛋白質穩定性和結合,並反向調節F-box蛋白CPR1介導的SUMM2泛素化和降解,從而調節SUMM2的積累和激活。
我們的研究表明,類malectin的RLK LET1感覺到免疫激活信號的缺失引起的細胞內穩態的擾動,並通過MEKK2支架激活NLR SUMM2介導的自身免疫。
The innate immune system detects pathogen-derived molecules via specialized immune receptors to prevent infections1,2,3. Plant immune receptors include cell surface-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs, including receptor-like kinases (RLKs)), and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs). It remains enigmatic how RLK- and NLR-mediated signalling are connected. Disruption of an immune-activated MEKK1–MKK1/2–MPK4 MAPK cascade activates the NLR SUMM2 via the MAPK kinase kinase MEKK2, leading to autoimmunity4,5,6,7,8,9. To gain insights into the mechanisms underlying SUMM2 activation, we used an RNA interference-based genetic screen for mekk1 autoimmune suppressors and identified an uncharacterized malectin-like RLK, named LETUM1 (LET1), as a specific regulator of mekk1–mkk1/2–mpk4 autoimmunity via complexing with both SUMM2 and MEKK2. MEKK2 scaffolds LET1 and SUMM2 for protein stability and association, and counter-regulates the F-box protein CPR1-mediated SUMM2 ubiquitination and degradation, thereby regulating SUMM2 accumulation and activation. Our study indicates that malectin-like RLK LET1 senses the perturbance of cellular homoeostasis caused by the deficiency in immune-activated signalling and activates the NLR SUMM2-mediated autoimmunity via MEKK2 scaffolding.
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