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我們的天氣發生了奇怪的變化
Something strange is happening to our weather.
本片將反覆出現"天氣"和"氣候"兩個詞
天氣 指短時間（幾分鐘到幾天）發生的氣象現象
氣候 指某一長時期內（數年或更長）天氣的平均或統計狀況
似乎開始變得更極端
It seems to be getting more extreme.
是的 可能會是個破紀錄的寒冷夜晚
Yeah, it could be a record-breaking cold night...
最近 英國熬過了兩個連續的
Britain recently shivered through
打破紀錄的寒冷冬天
two back-to-back record-breaking cold winters.
去年
Last year,
蘇格蘭經歷了有史以來最多的降水
Scotland splashed through its wettest year on record.
道路封閉
可是今年年初
Yet earlier in the year,
英格蘭東部部分地區遭遇了最乾旱的春天
parts of eastern England had their driest spring ever.
不過 英國不是個特例
But the UK's not alone.
全球各地的天氣都打破了以往紀錄
Records are being broken all over the planet.
我從來沒有見過這種情形
I have never, ever seen anything like this before.
風暴愈發兇猛
Storms appear to be getting bigger.
過去十年與八十年代相比
Hurricane power has more than doubled
颶風強度至少翻了一倍
between the decade of the '80s and this past decade.
天氣開始變得異乎尋常
The weather's been getting so weird
在某些地方 破紀錄的降水過後
that in some places, record-breaking rain
隨之而來的是破紀錄的乾旱
has been followed by record-breaking drought.
我們從未經歷過
We've never had
這種降水的連年大幅波動
this kind of steep oscillation go from one year to the next.
有的科學家把這種現象叫做全球怪象
Some scientists are calling it Global Weirding.
曾經難得一見的極端天氣
Events that used to be very random and extreme
現在變得更加頻繁和劇烈
are becoming much more frequent and more severe.
我們今後要面對的世界
We are gonna be living in a different world
將與小時候的大不相同
than the one we grew up in.
地平線
全球怪象
天氣令我們著迷
Our weather is hypnotically beautiful.
它不斷變化
It's constantly changing,
難以預測
famously difficult to predict.
但它為什麼似乎變得更古怪了呢
But why does it seem to be getting weirder?
世界頂尖的氣象學家
The world's leading weather scientists
試圖尋找其中原因
are trying to understand what's happening.
這是一項全球性的研究
It's part of a global investigation.
因為無論你周圍的天氣如何
Because however local your weather feels,
也不過是全球天氣系統的
it's a small part of what plays out across the planet
一小部分而已
as a whole.
可能看起來顯而易見
It may seem obvious,
但是科學家
but one of the places scientists
想要通過地球上最極端的一種天氣
are trying to get to grips with global weather extremes
試圖了解全球的極端天氣
is in one of the most extreme weather events on Earth.
而沒有任何氣象活動比颶風更猛烈
And there's no bigger weather event than a hurricane.
這就輪到傑森·達涅恩等人登場了
And that’s where people like Jason Dunion come in.
他是研究颶風的科學家
He's a hurricane scientist
脫下白大褂
who's turned in his white coat
換上藍色的傘兵服
for a blue jumpsuit,
走出實驗室 走向美國佛羅裡達州
and left the lab for the MacDill Air Force base
坦帕市的麥克迪爾空軍基地
in Tampa, Florida.
因為傑森和他的同事們
Because Jason and his colleagues
駕駛這些飛機 飛向颶風中心
fly these aircraft into the middle of the weather madness.
這是了解颶風
It's the best way to work out
為何生成的最好方法
what really makes hurricanes tick.
只通過衛星或浮標
You can't get everything you need to know
對颶風進行觀測
about a hurricane by just looking at it
無法得到關於颶風的所有信息
from say satellites or say a buoy that might be measuring the storm.
事實上我們必須飛進風暴裡
So we've actually got to fly into that storm.
傑森·達涅恩
邁阿密大學&美國國家海洋暨大氣總署
才能更好地了解所發生的一切
To get a better sense of what's going on,
我們是投放儀器
whether we're dropping instruments into it
或使用雷達
or using radars
來取得一張颶風發生時的
to really get a nice three-dimensional picture
真實三維圖
of what's going on.
這是唯一可行的辦法
You can't do that in any other way.
在颶風裡開展複雜的科學實驗
But carrying out complicated scientific experiments in the middle of hurricane
會伴隨著一些獨特的問題
creates its own set of unique problems.
從三千米的高空飛進來
You're coming in at say 10,000 feet,
然後穿過外圍的雨帶
and you're passing through outer rain bands,
飛機開始有一些輕微的顛簸
and you're starting to get jostled around a bit in the plane.
然後穿過風眼牆
Then you go through the eye wall.
那是包圍著風眼的圓筒狀雲
So that’s that doughnut around the eye of a storm
其風力非常強
that's really intense.
飛機會被颳得劇烈搖晃
And you’re getting tossed around pretty good.
能在幾秒鐘內下降近百米
You can lose a few hundred feet of altitude in a few seconds.
穿過風眼牆 就到了不可思議的地方
Pop through that eye wall and it's incredible.
這裡看起來像是個橄欖球場
You're in what looks like a football stadium.
也許是你見過的最大的橄欖球場
Maybe the biggest one you've ever seen.
可能寬16 32或48公裡
But it can be 10, 20, 30 miles across.
而且這裡 風平浪靜
And it's... it's very still.
經歷過之前的狂風后
It's a very surreal spot in the storm,
風暴中心像是個夢幻的地方
after what you've gone through.
你也知道這是一頭野獸
And you know this is a beast.
但當然了 你只穿過了風暴的一半
But of course, you're only through half the storm.
還有一半要走
There's still halfway to go.
颶風追逐者每次飛行 都會收集海量的數據
The hurricane chasers produce mountains of data from every flight.
而他們的一項發現是
And one of the things they've discovered
颶風晚上會發生脈衝
is that hurricanes pulse at night.
更值得注意的是
More significantly,
他們同時記錄下
they've also recorded an increase
五級風暴數量在增長
in the number of category five storms,
它們是最極端最強勁的颶風
the most extreme and powerful hurricanes.
如果看看歷史
If you look at the history,
會看到最近幾年有許多五級風暴
we've seen many category fives over the years.
我們現在確實有更好的監測能力
We certainly have better tracking capabilities right now.
所以我們可以觀測到
So we can actually see
海洋中心發生的五級風暴
category fives maybe happening in the middle of the ocean
在一百或五十年前 我們可能會錯過
that we would have missed hundreds and say 50 years ago.
最近幾年裡肯定有更多大型颶風
So certainly there have been more major hurricanes in recent years
我們設法去了解
and we're trying to understand exactly
其發生的原因
why that's happening,
我們必須得密切關注那些颶風
but we have to keep an eye on those.
因為那些颶風能造成巨大的破壞
Because those are the storms that can cause all the damage.
傑森和他的颶風追逐同伴
So, Jason and his fellow hurricane chasers
記錄了越來越多的五級風暴
are recording more category five storms.
科學家開始
And this is a development
極力應對這一變化
that scientists are really starting to grapple with.
世界只有上大約11%的熱帶氣旋
North Atlantic hurricanes only account for about 11%
是北大西洋颶風
of the world's tropical cyclones.
然而凱瑞·伊曼紐教授
But Professor Kerry Emanuel,
世界領先的颶風專家之一
one of the world's leading hurricane experts,
開始在自家的後院中
has started to see something of a pattern
看到某種規律
in his own backyard.
過去十年的天氣是史上最糟糕的
This last decade was the worst in the record books.
尤其是2005年
2005 was an especially bad year.
凱瑞·伊曼紐教授
麻省理工學院
我們經歷了數量空前的颶風
We had a record number of hurricanes.
編號時英語字母都用完了
So many they ran out of letters of the alphabet
不得不使用希臘字母表
and had to go to the Greek alphabet.
伊曼紐教授正在設法
Professor Emanuel is trying to figure out
找出原因
why this might be happening.
一個關鍵的因素
One crucial factor
是颶風形成時 最重要的機制
is the mechanism that's at the core of what makes them work in the first place.
颶風受熱量驅使
Hurricanes are driven by heat.
其實它們簡直就是超大的熱力發動機
In fact, they're quite simply massive heat engines.
它們有效地把熱量從海洋中
They effectively transfer warmth from the ocean
轉移到大氣層中
and into the atmosphere.
熱量向上轉移時
As all of that heat drifts upwards,
會激發巨大的強颶風
it gets whipped into huge hurricane-force winds.
這是一個我們都有切身體會的過程
This is a process we all have personal experience of.
人們外出的時候
When people go outside,
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