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像如此雄偉壯觀的自然景象
There are few truly wild places left
已經很少了
and none so majestic as this.
在冬天 北極光那活潑的舞蹈
In winter, endless darkness is brightened
照亮了無盡的黑暗
by the frisky dance of the northern lights.
零下三十度是正常的
And 30 below is the norm.
這對於北極熊一家來說 是個好天氣
It's lovely weather for polar bear families.
十五萬年前
One hundred and fifty thousand years ago
一些棕熊向北遷徙
some brown bears moved north and gradually adapted.
為了偽裝 它們的皮毛隨著時間的推移
Over time, their fur turned white
而變白
for camouflage.
它們的鼻子變長
Their snouts got longer
嗅覺更靈敏
and their noses keener
甚至有一絲氣味的晚餐 它們也能察覺的到
to detect even the slightest whiff of dinner.
這是個異常寒冷的世界
This is a cold, stark world
但對於北極熊媽媽和它的幼崽來說
but to polar bear mothers and cubs
是它們的天堂
it's paradise.
因為它們在北極長大
Because they're built for the Arctic
北極熊不是在任何地方都可以繁衍生息的
polar bears cannot thrive anywhere else.
它們的家在這 也只有這裡
They're at home here and only here.
北極熊總是
Polar bears have always hunted
在漂浮的海冰面上捕獵
from floating platforms of sea ice.
獲取豐富的海豹肉盛宴
Feasting on rich seal meat
從而變成了世界上最大的熊
has made these the largest bears in the world.
但現在北極正逐漸變暖
But now the Arctic is warming
海冰也正在融化
and the sea ice is melting away.
想捕食到海豹也越來越困難了
making it harder than ever to catch seals.
這個變化
This warming
迫使北極熊離開了這片薄冰
has left the polar bears on thin ice.
少量的冰反射著太陽光線
The less ice there is to reflect the sun's rays
加快了海洋變暖
the faster the ocean warms.
這就是北極變暖的速度比其他任何地方都要快兩倍的原因
That's why the Arctic is warming twice as fast as any other region.
在1980年
In 1980
夏季的海冰面覆蓋了百分之25以上的海洋
the summer sea ice covered 25 percent more ocean
相比現在
than it does now.
如果目前的狀況持續下去
If the current trend continues
到2050年
the Arctic Ocean could be free of sea ice each summer
每年夏天的北冰洋 將不在有海冰
by the year 2050.
即使我們不能阻止狀態惡化 但我們可以緩解
Even if we can't stop this loss, we can slow it down.
正如我們在氣候變暖的區域釋放的溫室氣體
Just as we release the greenhouse gases that are warming the region
我們可以減少這些狀況的發生
we can help reduce them.
來自北極的洋流湧動
Ocean currents flow from the Arctic
不僅冷卻了整個地球
and cool the entire planet.
還與我們息息相關
So we're all closely connected to the top of the world.
與以往相比 大量的北極冰川正加劇融化
Most Arctic glaciers are melting faster than ever before.
諷刺的是 愈快的冰川融化
Ironically, the faster these glaciers melt
造就了愈多的冰川瀑布
the more majestic their waterfalls.
冰川之間的距離越來越大
The distance between ice packs is growing.
現如今 北極熊要走很長的路 才能搜尋到食物
Nowadays, a polar bear in search of sea ice often has further to go.
要遊到很遠
It can be a swim to nowhere.
當它們找不到海豹等食物時
When they can't find seals to eat
熊媽媽只好湊合著找一些東西來吃
mothers make do with meager scraps.
一個熊媽媽曾經帶著熊寶寶
One mother and her cub set out on the longest swim ever tracked.
連續不停地遊了9天
The mother swam continuously for nine days
路途長達430英裡
covering 430 miles.
但她的寶寶沒有堅持下來
But her cub did not survive.
一些幼崽活了下來
Some cubs do survive
這得益於熊媽媽如果是一個聰明的清道夫
especially if the mother is a clever scavenger.
像北極熊一樣
Like polar bears
北極變暖下的鳥兒們也在努力生存著
birds are struggling as the Arctic warms.
北極鳥類在它們的季節生活著
Arctic birds time their lives to the seasons.
因紐特人也是如此
So do the Inuit people
就像Simon Qamanirq
like Simon Qamanirq.
北極熊給我們的營地帶來了驚喜
Polar bears surprise us in camp.
特別是在夏季的時候
Especially in the lean summer months.
我的父親會看雲向天氣
My father could read the clouds.
他知道暴風雨何時來臨
He knew when the storm was coming.
但現在古氣候模式已發生改變
But now the ancient weather patterns have changed.
我們的祖父輩們 供養著他們的家庭
Our grandfathers fed their families well.
我的家人一直依賴於這冰和雪
My family has always depended on snow and ice.
如今冰雪逐漸融化時 我們可以適應調整
Nowadays when the ice melts, we can adjust
但北極熊們就沒有這麼幸運了
but the polar bears are not so lucky.
冰川將於今年晚些時候成型
The ice is forming later in the year
所以現在都是薄冰
so it's thinner.
有時我們會從這通過
Sometimes we fall through.
我的朋友Adam Ravetch為了拍攝動物
My friend Adam Ravetch has been coming up here for 20 years
已經在這裡20年了
to photograph the animals.
我很喜歡看熊媽媽帶著她兩歲的幼崽
I love it when a mom dances with her 2-year-old cub
臉貼著臉的跳舞
cheek to cheek.
北極熊是個很好的遊泳健將
Polar bears are great swimmers
即使它們
even though they only use
只用前爪遊
their gigantic front paws.
這些專職媽媽為了撫養它們的孩子
These dedicated mothers put over two years
奉獻了兩年的青春時光
into raising their young.
海象媽媽則需要花費更長時間
Walrus moms spend even longer.
海象愛吃貝類
Walrus love clams.
它們從漂浮的冰面俯衝下來
They dive down from rafts of ice
隨波逐流 並隨時獲取
which drift along and carry them to fresh supplies
它們最愛的新鮮食物
of their favorite treat.
海冰慢慢融化
As sea ice melts
海象被困在了陸地上
walrus are stuck on land
一些媽媽為了它們的孩子必須遊到更遠處來尋找食物
so mothers must swim farther to find food for their young.
媽媽教給它們的孩子生存技能
Mothers teach their young survival skills
例如嚇跑入侵者
such as scaring off intruders.
一位媽媽傳遞給我一個明確的信息
One mom sent me a very clear message:
"迷路"
"Get lost."
北極的夏天 持續長達一個月的時間
Summer in the Arctic now lasts about a month longer.
海象與飢餓的北極熊都在等待著
Walrus and hungry bears
等待著海面凍結
wait and wait for the sea to freeze over.
公熊變得浮躁
The males get restless
並開始互相打鬥
and start sparring.
彼此之間互相試探著技巧
They're testing each other's skills.
這很有趣
It's fun.
當不在交配季節時
When it's not
這些競爭對手之間也會互相幫助
mating season, these fierce rivals are content to live and let live.
熊們必須奪回
The bears need
它們的狩獵場 現在的海面
to get back out to their hunting grounds now that the sea ice is
終於凍結了
finally freezing over.
水溫冰冷異常
This water is literally as cold as ice.
鹽阻止了海水的凍結
The salt keeps it from freezing.
這些海葵看起來很健康
These sea anemones look healthy.
但遠在千裡之外的我們釋放的溫室氣體
But the greenhouse gases we release thousands of miles
所產生的大量酸性物質來到了這裡
away have made the Arctic Ocean more acidic.
在這下面只有一條出口
Down here, there's only one exit
這是很恐怖的 想像一下 你可能會被困住
and it's pretty scary thinking you could be trapped.
冰面下潛水是需要一定勇氣的
Diving beneath the ice takes courage.
但是為了人類 冒著生命危險來探索北極
But for the people who devote their lives to studying the Arctic
是他們工作的一部分
taking risks is part of the job.
在阿拉斯加的每年春季
Each spring in Alaska
大量成群的馴鹿在漫長的遷徙
large herds of caribou set out on a long journey.
從沒有人跟蹤過整個遷徙路線
No one has ever tracked the entire migration on foot
直到現在
until now.
Leanne Allison 一個製片人
Leanne Allison, a filmmaker
與 Karsten Heuer 一個生物學家
and Karsten Heuer, a biologist
計劃隨獸群生活五個月
plan to live with the herd for five months.
我們這次的旅程將追隨母馴鹿經過的地方
We're gonna do this trip to see what the caribou mothers go through
並從它們的視角來觀察此次遷徙
and to see this migration from their perspective.
這就像我們的蜜月一樣
And it's gonna be our honeymoon as well.
度蜜月?
Honeymoon?
這對新婚夫婦將跟隨者馴鹿
These newlyweds will follow the caribou
一直到達它們的繁衍棲息地
all the way to their birthing grounds.
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