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Large tandem duplications affect gene expression, 3D organization, and plant–pathogen response
大背景:Rapid plant genome evolution is crucial to adapt to environmental changes.
小背景:Chromosomal rearrangements and gene copy number variation (CNV) are two important tools for genome evolution and sources for the creation of new genes.
問題:However, their emergence takes many generations.
主要發現:In this study, we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, a significant loss of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes with a past history of a mutation for the chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF1) complex causes rapid changes in the genome structure.
結果1-大片段同向串聯重複:Using long-read sequencing and microscopic approaches, we have identified up to 15 independent large tandem duplications in direct orientation (TDDOs) ranging from 60 kb to 1.44 Mb. Our data suggest that these TDDOs appeared within a few generations, leading to the duplication of hundreds of genes.
結果2-TDDOs的影響:By subsequently focusing on a line only containing 20% of rRNA gene copies (20rDNA line), we investigated the impact of TDDOson 3D genome organization, gene expression, and cytosine methylation. We found that duplicated genes often accumulate more transcripts. Among them, several are involved in plant–pathogen response, which could explain why the 20rDNA line is hyper-resistant to both bacterial and nematode infections. Finally, we show that the TDDOs create gene fusions and/or truncations and discuss their potential implications for the evolution of plant genomes.
快速的植物基因組演化對於植物適應環境的變化是非常重要的。染色體重排和基因拷貝數變異是兩個基因組演化的主要方式,同時也是創造新基因的主要來源。但是,這兩個的出現需要許多世代的積累。在本文中,作者發現擬南芥中,染色質組裝因子CAF1複合物的突變以及大量rRNA基因的丟失會導致基因組結構的快速改變(CAF複合物的組成因子fas1和fas2突變體雜交,產生的後代(FAS1 fas1/FAS2 fas2)再自交產生的野生型(FAS1 FAS1/FAS2 FAS2)基因型會導致植株的rRNA基因數目只有Col-0的20%,但是表型與Col-0一致,沒有顯著變化)。通過長讀長測序和微觀方法,作者鑑定了到了15個獨立的大片段正向串聯重複(TDDOs),大小從60kb到1.44Mb不等。作者的數據顯示這些TDDOs在幾個世代內就會出現,導致了數百個基因的複製。基於一個僅含有20%的rRNA基因拷貝的株系20rDNA,作者研究了TDDOs對於基因組3D結構、基因表達以及胞嘧啶甲基化的影響。作者發現複製的基因經常會積累更多的轉錄本。在這些基因中,有一些基因參與了植物對於病原菌的響應,從而也解釋了為何20rDNA株系存在對細菌和線蟲侵染的超高抗性。最後,作者發現TDDOs會導致某些基因的融合或截斷,並且討論了其對於植物基因組演化的潛在影響。
Frédéric Pontvianne
個人簡介:
2003-2007年,法國國家科學研究中心,博士;
2007-2009年,華盛頓大學,博後;
2009-2011年,印第安納大學布盧明頓分校,博後;
2011-2012年,蒙彼利埃分子遺傳研究所,博後。
研究方向:基因在細胞核中的位置如何影響基因的表達。
doi: 10.1101/gr.261586.120
Journal: Genome Research
Published date: Oct 15, 2020