維管植物有兩種類型的導水細胞:導管(在被子植物中)和管胞(在蕨類植物和裸子植物中)。這些細胞在分化後期通常形成次生壁(SCW)、發生程序性細胞死亡(PCD),從而提高水的傳導效率。
擬南芥中導管細胞的分化受一組NAC(NAM,ATAF1/2和CUC2)轉錄因子調控,構成維管相關NAC結構域(VND)家族。VNDs調節SCW形成和PCD所需基因的表達。然而,對管胞分化的轉錄調控,研究較少。
本論文對火炬松VND同源基因(PtaVNS)進行了功能分析。從火炬松基因組中鑑定了5個PtaVNS基因,其中4個在有管胞的組織中高表達,比如莖尖和發育中的木質部。PtaVNS基因在菸草中瞬時過表達後,誘導菸草葉片細胞中出現SCW沉積,上調火炬松SCW相關的MYB轉錄因子和纖維素合成酶基因的啟動子活性,以及PCD過程中半胱氨酸蛋白酶基因的啟動子活性。
研究結果表明,PtaVNS蛋白具有轉錄活性,誘導管胞形成過程中SCW形成和PCD發生。同時表明,調控被子植物和苔蘚植物導水細胞分化的VNS-MYB轉錄網絡在裸子植物中是保守的。
Involvement of VNS NAC-domain transcription factors in tracheid formation in Pinus taedaVascular plants have two types of water-conducting cells, xylem vessel cells (in angiosperms) and tracheid cells (in ferns and gymnosperms). These cells are commonly characterized by secondary cell wall (SCW) formation and programmed cell death (PCD), which increase the efficiency of water conduction. The differentiation of xylem vessel cells is regulated by a set of NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) transcription factors, called the VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN (VND) family, in Arabidopsis thaliana Linne. The VNDs regulate the transcriptional induction of genes required for SCW formation and PCD. However, information on the transcriptional regulation of tracheid cell differentiation is still limited. Here, we performed functional analysis of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda Linne) VND homologs (PtaVNS, for VND, NST/SND, SMB-related protein). We identified five PtaVNS genes in the loblolly pine genome, and four of these PtaVNS genes were highly expressed in tissues with tracheid cells, such as shoot apices and developing xylem. Transient overexpression of PtaVNS genes induced xylem vessel cell-like patterning of SCW deposition in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana Domin) leaves, and up-regulated the promoter activities of loblolly pine genes homologous to SCW-related MYB transcription factor genes and cellulose synthase genes, as well as to cysteine protease genes for PCD. Collectively, our data indicated that PtaVNS proteins possess transcriptional activity to induce the molecular programs required for tracheid formation, i.e., SCW formation and PCD. Moreover, these findings suggest that the VNS–MYB-based transcriptional network regulating water-conducting cell differentiation in angiosperm and moss plants is conserved in gymnosperms.Nobuhiro Akiyoshi, Yoshimi Nakano, Ryosuke Sano, Yusuke Kunigita, Misato Ohtani, Taku Demura. Involvement of VNS NAC-domain transcription factors in tracheid formation in Pinus taeda. Tree Physiology, 2020,40 (6): 704–716
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編輯:李萬峰