4月，依舊是疫情防控的一個月。國內疫情風險穩步降低，海外疫情還在發展，我國採取了一系列嚴防輸入的疫情防控舉措。本月重點熱詞有：全國哀悼日、5G消息、糧食安全、就業歧視、零號病人以及北京突發公共衛生事件響應降級。
on-site commemorative activities4月1日，在國務院聯防聯控機制召開的新聞發布會上，民政部社會事務司副司長範瑜在回答記者提問時表示，目前「外防輸入、內防反彈」的要求不能放鬆，今年清明除了現場祭掃以外，倡導多樣化的祭掃方式。Nine provinces, including Central China’s Hubei province, have suspended on-site commemorative activities during the three-day holiday from Saturday to Monday, according to Fan.民政部倡導人們用更加文明環保的方式祭祀先輩和逝去的親人，比如，居家追思或網絡祭掃。一些民政部門已經開通了網上祭掃平臺。The Ministry of Civil Affairs encourages people to mourn their ancestors and deceased family members in more civil and eco-friendly ways, such as organizing commemorative activities at home or online.Some civil affairs departments have opened online platforms for commemoration.殯葬服務機構工作人員也會提供公益性代祭服務，比如，代獻花、留言寄語等，以降低因人群聚集而帶來的感染風險。Staff members at funeral parlors also offer charity services, for example, helping deliver flowers and send condolences, to reduce risks of infection due to mass gatherings.為表達全國各族人民對抗擊新冠肺炎疫情鬥爭犧牲烈士和逝世同胞的深切哀悼，國務院發布公告，決定2020年4月4日舉行全國性哀悼活動。
China will hold a national mourning Saturday for martyrs who died in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and compatriots died of the disease, according to the State Council.在此期間，全國和駐外使領館下半旗誌哀，全國停止公共娛樂活動。
During the commemoration, national flags will fly at half-mast across the country and in all Chinese embassies and consulates abroad, and public recreational activities will be suspended across the country.4月4日10時起，全國人民默哀3分鐘，汽車、火車、艦船鳴笛，防空警報鳴響。
At 10:00 am Saturday, Chinese people nationwide will observe three-minute silence to mourn for the deceased, while air raid sirens and horns of automobiles, trains and ships will wail in grief. 4月4日下午，國務院聯防聯控機制就做好疫情期間糧食供給和保障工作情況舉行發布會。有記者提問，受新冠肺炎疫情影響，不少國家開始限制糧食出口，特別是哈薩克斯坦、越南等國開始宣布限制小麥、大米出口。在這種情況下我們身邊可能會有些人因為擔心食品短缺而進行囤積搶購，請問我國糧食安全總體形勢如何？有關負責人表示，雖然有新冠肺炎疫情影響，但我國糧食產量豐、庫存足，沒有必要囤積糧食。
農業農村部種植業管理司司長潘文博在發布會上表示，今年我國採取了一系列「超常規」措施穩住糧食生產，包括按地區設定今年糧食種植目標，為農民提供補貼，提高糧食最低收購價等，糧食生產有了一個好的開局，能夠穩住今年糧食生產。China has unveiled a series of "unconventional measures" to stabilize grain production, including setting region-specific grain plantation targets, offering subsidies for farmers and raising minimum prices for state procurement of rice, which secured a good start this year and would ensure stable grain production for the whole year.We have the confidence and determination to hold firm our rice bowl.中國民用航空局、中華人民共和國海關總署4月7日發布關於從美國、義大利、西班牙等26國回國的中國籍旅客需在乘坐航班前填報個人健康信息的公告。Chinese passengers who are going to fly from 26 countries, including the United States, Italy and Spain, to China are required to submit their health information prior to boarding the plane, the country's civil aviation regulator said on Tuesday.公告中所列國家為：義大利、美國、西班牙、德國、伊朗、法國、韓國、瑞士、英國、荷蘭、奧地利、比利時、挪威、葡萄牙、瑞典、澳大利亞、巴西、土耳其、馬來西亞、丹麥、加拿大、以色列、捷克、愛爾蘭、菲律賓、泰國。4月8日，中國移動、中國電信、中國聯通聯合舉行線上發布會，共同發布《5G消息白皮書》。Falling under the technical name of rich communication services, or RCS, the 5G messaging service is designed to replace current short messages with a system that is richer, provides phone book polling, and can transmit in-call multimedia.
5G消息，其技術名稱為「富媒體通信/富通信服務」，旨在用一個更加豐富的體系取代現有的簡訊服務，可以提供通訊錄查詢以及通話時多媒體傳輸。據介紹，5G消息業務（5G messaging service）是終端原生基礎短消息服務的全新升級（an upgrade to the existing standard SMS messaging），依照交互方式大致可分為兩類：即個人用戶之間（P2P communication），以及企業與個人用戶之間的信息交互（B2C reach）。簡單而言，5G消息是簡訊和彩信的升級版，可以發送圖文、音視頻等更加豐富的內容信息；與現有即時通訊類APP的區別是，5G消息以手機號作為用戶ID，無需另外安裝APP，也無需添加好友或關注企業號碼，即可實現消息收發（send and receive messages without friending others or following business accounts）。全球移動通信系統協會已達成共識，5G消息將成為5G手機的必備功能。The global telecom industry association GSMA has reached a consensus that RCS will become the mandatory function of 5G smartphones.農業農村部近日制訂了《國家畜禽遺傳資源目錄(徵求意見稿)》，就畜禽目錄向社會公開徵求意見。
農業農村部在這份目錄徵求意見稿中未將狗列為可食用陸生動物。The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has excluded dogs from its draft list of edible terrestrial animals.該目錄包括可食用的傳統畜禽18種，包括豬、牛、雞、鴨等，特種畜禽13種，包括鴕鳥、銀狐、水貂等。The draft has proposed as edible species the 18 traditional forms of livestock including pigs, cattle, chickens and ducks, alongside 13 special species including ostriches, silver foxes and minks.在針對目錄的說明中，農業農村部專門提到，狗是人類伴侶動物，不將其列入目錄是國際通行的做法，也是文明的象徵。Excluding dogs - an essential human companion animal - is a common global practice and is considered a sign of civilization.隨著湖北地區疫情防控形勢好轉，各地復工復產進程加速，外出務工的湖北籍勞動者不斷增多。但有媒體報導，一些地方出現了湖北籍勞動者受到區別對待、難找工作甚至被無故辭退的情況。全國人大常委會呼籲各級政府為新冠肺炎疫情嚴重地區的務工人員返崗提供支持，幫助他們解決就業歧視等困難，確保就業公平及有序復工。
China's top legislature has called on governments to offer more aid to laborers from regions hit hard by the novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak when they return to work to help them overcome difficulties such as discrimination and ensure fair employment and the orderly resumption of production.國務院聯防聯控機制科研攻關組表示，我國兩款新冠病毒滅活疫苗獲得國家藥品監督管理局一二期合併的臨床試驗許可，相關臨床試驗同步啟動。
此次獲批進入臨床試驗的兩款滅活疫苗是我國首批獲得臨床研究批件的新冠病毒滅活疫苗，是一種殺死病原微生物但仍保持其免疫原性的疫苗，具有生產工藝成熟、質量標準可控、保護範圍廣等優點。The two vaccines are China's first batch of COVID-19 inactivated vaccines that have obtained clinical trial approval. Using killed pathogenic microorganisms for enhancing the immunogenicity, the vaccines have advantages of mature production process, controllable quality standards and wide protection range.這兩款疫苗可用於大規模接種，並且有國際通行標準來判斷疫苗的安全性和有效性。They can be used for large-scale vaccination, and their safety and effectiveness can by judged by internationally accepted standards.疫苗對疫情防控至關重要。疫情發生以來，國務院聯防聯控機制科研攻關組專門設立疫苗研發專班，按照滅活疫苗（inactivated vaccines）、重組蛋白疫苗（recombinant protein vaccines）、腺病毒載體疫苗（adenovirus vector vaccines）、減毒流感病毒載體活疫苗（vaccines using attenuated influenza virus as vectors）、核酸疫苗（nucleic acid vaccines）5條技術路線共布局12項研發任務，目前均在穩步推進。美國總統川普4月14日宣布，美國暫停向世界衛生組織提供資金。
美國總統川普表示，他已指示其政府暫停向世界衛生組織提供資金。他說，世衛組織在應對新冠肺炎疫情時「沒有履行其基本職責」。US President Donald Trump says he has instructed his administration to halt funding to the World Health Organization (WHO).He said the WHO had "failed in its basic duty" in its response to the coronavirus outbreak.川普表示，暫停提供資金的期限將持續60到90天，在此期間將對世衛組織就新冠病毒及中國疫情發出的警示信息進行評估。Mr Trump said funding would be on hold for 60 to 90 days pending a review of the WHO’s warnings about the coronavirus and China.世衛組織的規劃預算資金來自評定會費和自願捐款。評定會費是國家作為本組織會員國交納的費用。每一會員國交納的費用按本國的財富和人口狀況計算。
WHO’s Programme Budget is financed through a mix of assessed and voluntary contributions. Assessed contributions are the dues countries pay in order to be a member of the Organization. The amount each Member State must pay is calculated relative to the country's wealth and population.評定會費佔規劃預算的總百分比有所減少，近幾年佔比還不到該組織資金總額的四分之一。其餘資金通過自願捐款籌集。Assessed contributions have declined as an overall percentage of the Programme Budget and have, for several years, accounted for less than one quarter of the organization’s financing. The balance is mobilized through voluntary contributions.
美國是世衛組織最大的資金提供方，去年提供了4億美元的資金支持，佔該組織總預算近15%。The US is the WHO's biggest funder, providing $400m last year - just under 15% of its total budget.民航局4月15日介紹，國際客運航班調整以來，平均每天入境旅客維持在兩三千人左右。此外，疫情發生以來，民航局安排臨時航班（包機）赴疫情嚴重國家接回中國公民。
民航局新聞發言人熊杰在網絡發布會上表示，3月4日至4月13日，民航局共安排16架次包機協助在伊朗、義大利、英國、美國、西班牙的2744名中國公民回國，其中留學生1449名。Sixteen Chinese charter planes flew to Iran, Italy, Britain, the United States and Spain from March 4 to April 13, bringing back home 2,744 Chinese, including 1,449 students studying abroad, Xiong Jie, spokesperson for the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), said at an online press conference.未來幾周，民航局將根據國務院聯防聯控機制部署，及時啟動重大航空運輸保障機制。按照國務院聯防聯控機制的具體部署，執行的重大運輸任務主要包括安排臨時航班（包機）赴疫情嚴重國家接回中國公民任務（bring Chinese studying or living abroad back home）、援外醫療專家組（chartered flights to send medical experts to countries hit hard by COVID-19）和相關省份聯合工作組包機任務和援非物資運輸任務（send medical materials to African countries）三方面。為活躍消費市場，從4月19日起，武漢市人民政府將陸續向全體在漢人員投放5億元的「武漢消費券」，以支持全市商貿和文旅行業復工、復產、復市。隨著國內新冠肺炎疫情得到控制，各地為了擴大居民消費，促進消費回補和潛力釋放陸續發放消費券。
到目前為止，國內已有20多個省市發放了價值超過56億元的消費券。So far, more than 20 provinces and cities in China have launched voucher campaigns, worth over 5.6 billion yuan.支付寶調查顯示，有1000多萬家企業從全國各地的消費券活動中受益，其中90%以上為中小微企業。A survey conducted by Alipay shows that over 10 million businesses have benefited from the nationwide voucher campaigns, with over 90 percent of them being micro, small and medium-sized businesses.
health status of "no sign of abnormality"
北京市發展改革委副主任李素芳表示，本市及津冀地區往返人員可以通過「北京健康寶」小程序申請「未見異常』健康狀態」，為其出行提供便利。Beijing will allow commuters from the neighboring regions of Hebei province and Tianjin to apply for the health status of "no sign of abnormality" in its health mini-program to facilitate their commute, said Li Sufang, deputy head of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Development and Reform.「北京健康寶」是一個方便個人查詢自身防疫相關健康狀態（health status）的小工具，所有在京及進（返）京人員均可使用。查詢結果包含「集中觀察（concentrated observation）」、「居家觀察（home-based observation）」以及「未見異常（no sign of abnormality）」三種狀態，分別用紅色、黃色以及綠色進行標識。4月21日，人社部舉行一季度新聞發布會，介紹了一季度人力資源和社會保障工作進展情況。人社部表示，為了對衝新冠肺炎疫情對就業市場的影響，我國採取了一系列措施穩定就業，推進復工復產。To offset COVID-19's impact on the job market, China has taken measures to ensure employment and promote work resumption, according to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MHRSS).一季度，人社部積極應對疫情，推動各項政策措施落實落細，實行項目化管理，採取五大措施穩就業，取得了階段性成效。一是拓渠道。全面推進復工復產，加快恢復和穩定就業；二是穩崗位。打出了「免減緩返補」的援企穩崗擴就業政策組合拳；三是保重點。高校畢業生，是抓好就業工作的重中之重；四是優服務。就業服務搬上線；五是兜底線。失業保險擴面提標。針對近年來時有發生的窨井「吃人、傷人」事件，最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院、公安部日前聯合下發意見，就辦理涉窨井蓋相關刑事案件作出系統規定，依法懲治涉窨井蓋犯罪。該指導意見共有12條，包括盜竊、破壞窨井蓋等普通刑事犯罪以及與窨井蓋相關的瀆職犯罪。The guideline comprises 12 articles, including punishments of ordinary criminal crimes such as theft and destruction of manhole covers as well as crimes of dereliction of duty related to manhole covers.針對第一類犯罪行為，意見規定：盜竊、破壞窨井蓋，造成行人跌落或車輛傾覆等嚴重後果的，依照刑法的規定，以破壞交通設施罪定罪處罰。People who steal or damage manhole covers and cause serious consequences, such as people falling in or vehicles overturning, will be deemed as having committed the crime of sabotaging a means of transport, transportation facilities in accordance with the Chinese Criminal Law.盜竊、破壞車站、港口、公園、廣場、學校或商業區等人員聚集場所的窨井蓋，致人受傷或者死亡的，依照刑法的規定，以以危險方法危害公共安全罪定罪處罰。If someone steals or damages manhole covers in crowded places, such as stations, ports, parks, squares, schools or business zones, and the action leads to serious injuries or deaths, he or she may be charged with endangering public safety by dangerous means, the guideline said.明知會造成人員傷亡後果而實施盜竊、破壞行為，致人受傷或者死亡的，依照刑法的規定，分別以故意傷害罪、故意殺人罪定罪處罰。In addition, anyone who deliberately removes or destroys manhole covers despite knowing that the action may cause serious harm to others may be charged with intentional homicide or intentional injury if someone is killed or hurt, the guideline said.
針對第二類犯罪行為，意見規定：在窨井蓋採購、施工、驗收、使用、檢查過程中負有職責的國家機關工作人員玩忽職守或者濫用職權，致使公共財產、國家和人民利益遭受重大損失的，依照刑法規定，分別以玩忽職守罪、濫用職權罪定罪處罰。Those working in state organs who fail to do their job or abuse their power when engaged in manhole cover procurement, construction, acceptance checks, use and inspection, causing heavy losses to public money or property or the interests of the state and the people, will be punished in accordance with the standards for the crimes of dereliction of duty and abuse of power, said the guideline.
4月24日，國家航天局在2020年中國航天日線上啟動儀式上公布：中國行星探測任務（planetary exploration missions）被命名為「天問（Tianwen）系列」，首次火星探測任務（first Mars exploration mission）被命名為「天問一號」，後續行星任務依次編號。
國家航天局總工程師葛小春介紹，「天問」來自中國偉大詩人屈原的長詩《天問》。
The name comes from the long poem "Tianwen," meaning Heavenly Questions or Questions to Heaven, written by Qu Yuan (about 340-278 BC), one of the greatest poets of ancient China.
《天問》是屈原對於天空、星辰、自然現象、神話和人世等一切事物現象的發問，體現了他對傳統理念的疑惑以及追求真理的精神。
In "Tianwen," Qu Yuan raised a series of questions in verse involving the sky, stars, natural phenomena, myths and the real world, showing his doubts about some traditional concepts and the spirit of seeking the truth.
「天問」這個名字表達了中華民族對於真理追求的堅韌與執著（the Chinese nation's perseverance in pursuing truth），體現了對自然和宇宙空間探索的文化傳承（culture of exploring nature and the universe）。
國家航天局同時公布了首次火星探測任務標識「攬星九天」。
國家航天局公布的我國行星探測任務標識展示了字母「C」的形象，匯集了中國（China）、國際合作精神（Cooperation）、進入太空的能力等多重含義。
CNSA also unveiled the logo of China's planetary exploration missions, featuring the letter C, signifying China, international cooperation and capacity of entering space.
我國計劃在2020年發射火星探測器，並在一次任務內完成軌道運行、著陸、巡視的任務。
China plans to launch the Mars probe in 2020, aiming to complete orbiting, landing and roving in one mission.
在國務院聯防聯控機制4月25日舉辦的新聞發布會上，工業與信息化部信息技術發展司一級巡視員李穎透露，今年3月戶均移動網際網路接入流量達到近12月以來的最高點。李穎在發布會上表示，今年一季度，我國移動網際網路接入流量同比增長39.3%。今年3月戶均移動網際網路接入流量達到9.5GB，為近12月以來的最高點，反映了信息消費的高增長態勢。In the first quarter of 2020, China's mobile data traffic consumption soared 39.3 percent from the same period of last year, Li told the press conference. In March alone, the average household usage of mobile traffic reached 9.5 GB, the highest level in almost a year, reflecting the rapid growth of information consumption, Li added.疫情期間，消費者對於在線就醫和教育服務，以及食品快遞和新零售服務的需求呈爆發性增長。During the epidemic period, consumer demand for online medical and education services, as well as food delivery and new retail services, posted explosive growth.文化和旅遊部官網發布旅遊提示，提醒廣大遊客「五一」出遊疫情防控不放鬆，安全文明記心中。
提示建議遊客提前了解景點的門票預約等措施，間隔入園、錯峰旅遊。
The statement also asked tourists to learn in advance about ticket reservations and other measures of scenic spots and devise their itineraries to avoid peak times.文旅部提醒遊客，自覺遵守旅遊目的地和景區疫情防控制度，接受測量體溫（take temperature）、查驗健康碼（check health QR code）、分時限流、保持間距（social distancing）等要求，對於由此產生的排隊等待給予充分理解。此前，文旅部和國家衛生健康委曾聯合印發《關於做好旅遊景區疫情防控和安全有序開放工作的通知》。通知要求：景區接待遊客量不得超過核定最大承載量的30%，收費景區在實施臨時性優惠政策前要做好評估，防止客流量超限。Tourist attractions are allowed to receive 30 percent of their maximum visitor capacity. Paid scenic spots are required to evaluate the results before launching preferential policies for tickets and entertainment programs.
景區要強化流量管理，嚴防人員聚集。遊客需提前預約，且建議分時段遊覽。Tourist attractions should strengthen management over population flow to prevent mass gatherings. Travelers are required to make reservations and encouraged to visit scenic spots in different time periods.中國科學家4月27日表示，新冠病毒是人造的可能性很低，追溯「零號病人」難度很大，需要全球各國攜手展開工作。Chinese scientists said on Monday that it is very unlikely the novel coronavirus was man-made, and finding patient zero is a formidable task that requires global collaboration to succeed.中國醫學科學院病原生物學研究所所長金奇說，追溯「零號病人」是「非常難的科學問題，需要大量的工作，多學科交叉」。1918年大流感、愛滋病以及2009年暴發的H1N1流感等大規模傳染病都沒有找到明確的「零號病人」。Finding the first infected case is an "extremely difficult scientific problem that requires a great amount of interdisciplinary research". Scientists have yet to find patient zero for the 1918 influenza pandemic, HIV or the H1N1 influenza in 2009.交通運輸部4月28日發布關於恢復收費公路收費的公告，自2020年5月6日零時起，全國收費公路恢復收費（含收費橋梁和隧道）。與此同時，繼續落實法定免費通行政策。China's Ministry of Transport announced to restore all tolls across the country from May 6. The move is valid for all toll roads nationwide, including bridges and tunnels, the ministry said in a notice, adding that given vehicles approved by law will continue to be exempted from tolls.
高速公路收費站設置專用快捷通道，加強現場通行秩序引導維護。Special needs and fast passes will be set up at expressway toll booths, and guidance of on-site traffic order will be strengthened.
response to public health emergencies
4月30日零時起，北京將突發公共衛生事件一級響應調整為二級響應（lower the emergency response to the novel coronavirus epidemic from the top level to the second level），並相應調整防控策略。
北京調低應急響應級別後，防控策略調整涉及哪些方面？
低風險地區返京不再要求隔離14天。對從國內低風險地區返京、出差返京人員，不再要求居家觀察14天。正在居家集中觀察的，可以解除觀察。
People from low-risk regions of China will not need to be quarantined for 14 days at home upon arriving in Beijing. Those who are undergoing concentrated or at-home observation need not continue.
不包括境外回京人員，也不包括湖北含武漢地區的人員及國內其他省市高、中風險地區進京的人員。But the strict management of inbound personnel and those from high- and medium-risk areas and Hubei, the province once hardest hit by the virus, will continue.
繼續實施社區封閉式管理，快遞、外賣、家政服務以及房屋中介等服務行業從業人員，持「健康寶」綠碼登記後可以進入小區。非本小區居民持「健康寶」綠碼並登記後可進入小區探親訪友。Couriers, deliverymen, housekeepers and real estate agents with green health codes will be allowed to enter residential communities, which will remain under closed-off management. Relative visitors will also be allowed if their health codes are green.入住賓館酒店的，可憑藉「健康寶」綠碼辦理手續，不再要求提供核酸檢測證明。Hotels in Beijing will not require nucleic acid test results from guests, with only a green health code needed to check-in.有序放開公共運輸滿載率限制。地面公交滿載率由50%上調至75%，軌道交通滿載率由50%上調至65%。
The maximum allowable passenger capacity will be raised from 50 percent of full capacity to 75 percent on buses and to 65 percent on subway trains.
有序恢復跨京冀公交線路運營，逐步恢復進出京長途客運班線和旅遊包車業務。Bus services between Beijing and some areas in the neighboring Hebei province will resume operations in an orderly manner, and inter-provincial long-distance and chartered bus services will gradually be resumed.
有序開放圖書館、博物館、美術館等室內公共場所，並實行預約限流措施。但各影院、KTV、地下空間體育健身場所、遊泳館等暫不開放。Libraries, museums and galleries will reopen in an orderly manner with restricted numbers of visitors, and cinemas, karaoke houses and underground gymnasiums and natatoria will remain closed.普通人在戶外可以不戴口罩，校園、公共運輸站點等人員密集場所除外。孕產婦、兒童、老人等體質弱並需前往公共場所的人員仍建議戴口罩。Ordinary people can take off their masks in outdoor public venues if they are not at populated sites like school campuses and stations of public transport. Pregnant women, children and the elderly with poor immunity are still advised to wear their masks on if they need to go to public places.