The Justice Department is planning to file antitrust charges against Google as early as this summer, said two people with knowledge of the situation, in what would be one of the biggest antitrust actions by the United States since the late 1990s.
兩位知情人士表示，美國司法部計劃最早在今年夏天對谷歌提起反壟斷指控，這將是美國自上世紀90年代末以來最大的反壟斷訴訟之一。
各位同學們，我們一起來學習一下今天的法律熱詞——
【法律熱詞】
Antitrust
英[ˌæntiˈtrʌst] 美[ˌæntiˈtrʌst]
[adj] In the United States, antitrust laws are intended to stop large firms taking over their competitors, fixing prices with their competitors, or interfering with free competition in any way.指美國法律）反託拉斯的，反壟斷的
Eg: The jury found that the NFL had violated antitrust laws.
陪審團裁決全國橄欖球聯盟觸犯了反壟斷法。
關於「反壟斷訴訟」的相關英文表達：
反壟斷訴訟 antitrust litigation/lawsuit
提出反壟斷指控 file antitrust charges
【熱詞的來龍去脈】
The Justice Department is still investigating the internet company and has been making progress on its case, said the people, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because the details were confidential. The regulators are focused on Google’s dominance in the online advertising industry, and the case will also involve allegations that the company abused its dominant position in online search to harm competitors, the people said.
由於一些細節需要保密，這些知情人士不願透露姓名。他們表示司法部仍在調查這家網際網路公司，並已在此案上取得進展。他們還說，監管機構關注的是谷歌在在線廣告行業的主導地位，此案還將涉及谷歌濫用在線搜索主導地位損害競爭對手的指控。
State attorneys general are likely to file their own antitrust lawsuit against Google or join the Justice Department case sometime this year, said a person with knowledge of the state investigation.
一位知情人士表示，各州的州檢察長可能在今年某個時候對谷歌提起反壟斷訴訟，或加入司法部此次訴訟中。
Taken together, such actions against Google, which controls around 90 percent of all web searches globally, would be one of the biggest antitrust cases in the United States since the 1990s when the Justice Department joined 20 states to sue Microsoft. The two sides reached a settlement in 2001.
綜上所述，這些針對控制全球約90%網絡搜索的谷歌的訴訟案，將是自20世紀90年代美國司法部聯合20個州起訴微軟以來，美國最大的反壟斷案件之一。那次案件後，雙方於2001年達成和解。
The moves would also set a benchmark for how regulators and lawmakers proceed with investigations into other large tech companies such as Facebook and Amazon, which the Federal Trade Commission, state attorneys general and Congress are scrutinizing for their market power and corporate behavior. For nearly two decades, Google, Facebook, Amazon, Apple and others have grown with little regulation from American authorities, becoming gateways to internet search, advertising, online communications, digital entertainment and e-commerce.
這些舉措還將為監管機構和立法者如何對臉書和亞馬遜等其他大型科技公司進行調查設定一個基準，美國聯邦貿易委員會、州檢察長和國會正在對這些公司的市場實力和企業行為進行審查。近20年來，谷歌、臉書、亞馬遜、蘋果等公司在美國當局幾乎沒有監管的情況下發展壯大，成為網際網路搜索、廣告、在線通信、數字娛樂和電子商務的主要門戶。
Europe has for years been ahead of the United States in taking regulatory action against Google and other tech behemoths. European regulators have fined Google in recent years for unfair advertising rules and for abusing its power in the mobile phone market, among other issues.
多年來，歐洲在對谷歌和其他科技巨頭採取監管行動方面一直領先於美國。近年來，歐洲監管機構因谷歌不公平的廣告規則和濫用手機市場權力等問題對其處以罰款。
Antitrust scrutiny has been one of the prominent issues hanging over Google. But as the investigations have ramped up, the Silicon Valley company has played down the concerns about regulatory actions, noting that it has been investigated before and emphasizing how consumers are satisfied users of its products.
反壟斷審查一直是困擾谷歌的重要問題之一。但隨著調查力度的加大，這家矽谷公司淡化了人們對監管行動的擔憂，指出此前曾對其進行過調查，並強調消費者對其產品的用戶滿意度。
【熱詞知識點補充】
反託拉斯法即反壟斷法，是國內外經濟活動中，用以控制壟斷活動的立法、行政規章、司法判例以及國際條約的總稱。從廣義講，壟斷活動同限制性商業慣例（「限制」指限制競爭）、卡特爾行為以及託拉斯活動含義相當；從狹義講，國際間的限制性商業慣例指在經濟活動中，企業為牟取高額利潤而進行的合併、接管（狹義的壟斷活動），或勾結起來進行串通投標、操縱價格、劃分市場等不正當的經營活動（狹義的限制性商業慣例）
美國聯邦法律，旨在防止壟斷和貿易設限。
重要法例包括：
1)立於1890年的「謝爾曼反託拉斯法」，禁止壟斷的行為。
2)1914年通過的「克萊頓反託拉斯法」為「謝爾曼法」的修訂法案，旨在針對地方上的價格歧視，及更進一步打擊貿易限制。
3)1914年，通過美國聯邦貿易委員會法，創建美國聯邦貿易委員會(FTC)，具調查權，並可頒令防止州際不公平的商業行為。
今天，你學會了嗎？
點擊右下角「在看」，分享給更多小夥伴
您的支持， 是超律志持續更新的動力