美國密蘇裡州總檢察長埃裡克·施密特21日在密蘇裡東區聯邦地區法院起訴中國政府，稱中國必須為全球新冠病毒大流行負責。中國對此是如何回應的呢？
China on Wednesday slammed a lawsuit brought against it by the U.S. state of Missouri over the coronavirus pandemic as 「very absurd."
周三，中國抨擊美國密蘇裡州就新型冠狀病毒大流行對其提起的訴訟「非常荒唐」。
各位同學們，我們一起來學習一下今天的法律熱詞——
【法律熱詞】
Malicious
英[məˈlɪʃəs] 美[məˈlɪʃəs]
a.(1)惡意的；蓄意的 (2)無正當或合法理由的
[adj]
If you describe someone's words or actions as malicious, you mean that they are intended to harm people or their reputation, or cause them embarrassment and upset.心懷惡意的;惡毒的;懷恨的
Eg: That might merely have been malicious gossip.
那也許僅僅是些不懷好意的流言蜚語罷了。
Abuse
英[əˈbjuːs , əˈbjuːz] 美[əˈbjuːs , əˈbjuːz]
[n]
(1) Abuse of someone is cruel and violent treatment of them.虐待；凌辱
Eg: These victims suffered from sexual and physical abuse.
這些受害者曾遭受性虐待及肉體摧殘。
(2) Abuse is extremely rude and insulting things that people say when they are angry.辱罵;惡語
Eg: Raft repeatedly hurled verbal abuse at his co-star.
拉夫特不斷地破口大罵和他聯合主演的演員。
(3) Abuse of something is the use of it in a wrong way or for a bad purpose.濫用；妄用
Eg: What went on here was an abuse of power.
這裡所發生的事是一種濫用職權的行為。
[v]
(1) If someone is abused, they are treated cruelly and violently.虐待;凌辱;傷害
Eg: Janet had been abused by her father since she was eleven.
珍妮特從11歲起就遭受父親虐待。
(2) You can say that someone is abused if extremely rude and insulting things are said to them.辱罵;侮辱
Eg: He alleged that he was verbally abused by other soldiers.
他宣稱自己遭到其他士兵的辱罵。
(3) If you abuse something, you use it in a wrong way or for a bad purpose.濫用；妄用
Eg: He showed how the rich and powerful can abuse their position.
他讓我們看到有錢有勢的人是如何濫用其地位的。
Litigation
英[ˌlɪtɪˈɡeɪʃn] 美[ˌlɪtɪˈɡeɪʃn]
n.民事訴訟 該詞通常指進行民事訴訟〔lawsuits〕的程序，但有時也可作為lawsuit的同義語。
[n]the process of taking a case to a law court so that an official decision can be made 訴訟，起訴
Eg: The company has consistently denied responsibility, but it agreed to the settlement to avoid the expense of lengthy litigation.
公司一直在推卸責任，但同意這一調解方案以避免漫長的訴訟所帶來的花費。
關於「惡意濫訴」的相關英文表達：
惡意濫訴 a malicious abuse of litigation
駁斥和拒絕濫訴 refute and reject the abuse of litigation
【熱詞的來龍去脈】
Foreign ministry spokesman Geng Shuang said the legal action has 「no factual and legal basis at all" and repeated China's defense of its response to the outbreak, which has largely subsided in the country where it was first detected.
外交部發言人耿爽表示這一法律訴訟「完全沒有事實和法律依據」，並重申了中國應對疫情的防護措施，此次疫情在首先發現新冠病毒的中國已基本平穩。
The ministry and other Chinese government departments have strenuously denied accusations that officials delayed reporting on the extent of the outbreak in the central Chinese city of Wuhan late last year, despite reports that worries over political stability were placed above public health concerns. Medical staff who reported the outbreak were silenced under threat of legal retaliation and Wuhan went several days without reporting cases during the holding of an annual provincial government conference.
儘管有報導稱有關官員對政治穩定的擔憂遠遠高於對公眾健康的擔憂，但外交部和其他中國政府部門極力否認關於有關官員於去年底推遲上報武漢（中國中部城市）疫情嚴重情況的指控。上報疫情的醫務人員害怕受到法律報復而沉默，而且武漢在舉行省政府年度會議期間的幾天裡沒有報告病例。
「This so-called litigation is a malicious abuse of litigation.What the US should do is to refute and reject such abuse of litigation," Geng said at a daily briefing.
耿爽在例行記者會上說：「這種所謂的訴訟是惡意濫訴。美國應該做的是駁斥和拒絕這種濫用訴訟的行為。」
Missouri's top state prosecutor on Tuesday announced the lawsuit, which alleges that Chinese officials are to blame for the pandemic that has sickened around 2.5 million worldwide, thrown tens of millions out of work and devastated local economies, including in China.
周二，密蘇裡州最高檢察官宣布起訴，指控中國官員應對此次疫情負責，此次疫情已導致全球約250萬人感染此病、數千萬人失業以及包括中國在內的各地經濟遭受重創。
Attorney General Eric Schmitt said the Chinese government lied about the dangers of the virus and didn’t do enough to slow its spread.
密蘇裡州總檢察長施密特（Eric Schmitt）說，中國政府在新冠病毒的危險性一事上說謊，並沒有採取足夠的措施減緩病毒的傳播。
Missouri's action is likely to be largely symbolic, however, since lawsuits against other countries typically don’t go anywhere because U.S. law generally prohibits them.
不過，密蘇裡州此次訴訟可能在很大程度上是象徵性的；由於美國法律通常禁止此類訴訟，因此針對其他國家的訴訟通常不會有任何進展。
【熱詞知識點補充】
根據國際法上的主權平等原則，中國各級政府在疫情防控方面所採取的主權行為不受美國法院管轄。
在《國際法》中的（二）國家主權平等原則指出：
任何國家都擁有主權，各國都有義務相互尊重主權。在主權國家組成的國際社會中，各國都具有平等的國際人格，各國在國際法面前處於平等地位。基於主權的性質，任何國家都有權自由選擇並發展其政治、社會、經濟及文化制度。各國在國際關係中要相互尊重對方的主權，在行使自己主權的同時不能侵害別國主權。每個國家都應與他國和睦相處，忠實地履行其國際義務。換句話說，國家擁有主權，並不是可以為所欲為。在國際法看來，國家在國際社會要受到被自身接受或公認的國際法規則的拘束。這是主權國家組成的國際社會的一個特徵，也是相互尊重主權的必然要求。
領土主權是國家主權的重要方面。維護和捍衛國家的領土完整是一國主權的重要體現；另外，尊重別國主權首先要尊重別國的領土主權和領土完整。侵佔、肢解別國領土構成對該國主權的嚴重侵犯。
各國具有平等的國際人格。在國際關係和國際交往中，無論在形式上還是實質上，任何國家不應謀求片面的特權和利益，而應互惠互利，相互尊重，共同發展。中國提出對外援助的四項原則，即「平等互利、講求實效、形式多樣、共同發展」，就是國家平等互利原則的充分體現。在國際交往中，以下一些方面也是國家平等的體現：締約時的「輪籤制」；國際會議排序採取對稱、圓桌、抽籤或字母順序的方法，外交禮儀待遇和外交代表位次的平等；國家在外國的司法豁免權等。
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