科學家揭示γδT細胞抑制惡性瘧原蟲血液感染階段的雙重機制
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2021/1/12 16:44:29
γδT細胞通過直接殺傷和吞噬作用抑制惡性瘧原蟲的血液感染階段,這一成果由美國波士頓兒童醫院Judy Lieberman和Caroline Junqueira團隊經過不懈努力而取得。該項研究成果發表在2021年1月11日出版的《自然-免疫學》上。
研究人員發現感染的紅細胞(iRBCs)被磷酸化抗原傳感器butyrophilin 3A1(BTN3A1)標記。 γδ2T細胞以接觸、磷酸抗原、BTN3A1和脫粒依賴的方式形成免疫突觸並裂解iRBC,從而殺死細胞內的瘧原蟲。顆粒溶解酶釋放到突觸中溶解iRBCs,並向該瘧原蟲遞呈了誘導死亡的顆粒酶。儘管所有紅細胞內的瘧原蟲均易感,但其裂殖體最敏感。因此,γδ2T細胞的次生保護機製得以鑑別。
在存在患者血清的情況下,γδ2T細胞以CD16依賴的方式吞噬並降解了細菌受調理的iRBC,從而減少了瘧原蟲的繁殖。因此,γδ2T細胞有兩種控制瘧疾血液感染階段的方法–γδT細胞抗原受體(TCR)介導的脫粒和抗體包被iRBC的吞噬作用。
研究人員表示,在惡性瘧原蟲感染患者中會發生由瘧原蟲誘導的磷酸抗原活化Vγ9Vδ2(γδ2)T淋巴細胞的擴增。儘管先前的研究表明γδ2T細胞有助於控制紅細胞瘧疾,但仍不確定γδ2T細胞是否識別iRBCs。
附:英文原文
Title: γδ T cells suppress Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage infection by direct killing and phagocytosis
Author: Caroline Junqueira, Rafael B. Polidoro, Guilherme Castro, Sabrina Absalon, Zhitao Liang, Sumit Sen Santara, ngela Crespo, Dhelio B. Pereira, Ricardo T. Gazzinelli, Jeffrey D. Dvorin, Judy Lieberman
Issue&Volume: 2021-01-11
Abstract: Activated Vγ9Vδ2 (γδ2) T lymphocytes that sense parasite-produced phosphoantigens are expanded in Plasmodium falciparum–infected patients. Although previous studies suggested that γδ2 T cells help control erythrocytic malaria, whether γδ2 T cells recognize infected red blood cells (iRBCs) was uncertain. Here we show that iRBCs stained for the phosphoantigen sensor butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3A1). γδ2 T cells formed immune synapses and lysed iRBCs in a contact, phosphoantigen, BTN3A1 and degranulation-dependent manner, killing intracellular parasites. Granulysin released into the synapse lysed iRBCs and delivered death-inducing granzymes to the parasite. All intra-erythrocytic parasites were susceptible, but schizonts were most sensitive. A second protective γδ2 T cell mechanism was identified. In the presence of patient serum, γδ2 T cells phagocytosed and degraded opsonized iRBCs in a CD16-dependent manner, decreasing parasite multiplication. Thus, γδ2 T cells have two ways to control blood-stage malaria–γδ T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-mediated degranulation and phagocytosis of antibody-coated iRBCs.
DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-00847-4
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-020-00847-4