來自阿拉巴馬州大學生物化學與分子遺傳學系,細胞生物學系,紀念斯隆-凱特琳癌症中心(Memorial Sloan -Kettering Cancer Center)的研究人員識別出了組蛋白H2A的主要去泛素化(deubiquitination)過程,也證明H2A去泛素化是細胞周期和基因表達的關鍵步驟。之前的研究雖然揭示了一些組蛋白泛素化的機制,但是並未在H2A去泛素化過程機理研究中獲得進展,這一突破性的研究成果目前公布在《自然》雜誌上。
文章的通訊作者是來自阿拉巴馬大學的王橫濱(Hengbin Wang,音譯)副教授,其早年畢業於河北師範大學,於中國農業大學獲得博士學位,之後赴日本九州大學進行博士後研究工作,目前任阿拉巴馬大學副教授。
組蛋白翻譯後修飾在染色體結構和功能方面具有十分重要的意義,扮演著調控者的角色,這些修飾中的組蛋白泛素化(ubiquitination)主要出現在組蛋白H2A和H2B上,近期雖然已識別出組蛋白H2A的泛素化配基在Hox基因沉默和X染色體失活的H2A泛素化過程中起到了關鍵作用,但是H2A去泛素化(deubiquitination)過程中的酶以及H2A去泛素化作用至今並不清楚。
在這篇文章中,研究人員報導了組蛋白H2A,Ubp-M(也稱為USP16)主要泛素化的功能性特徵,實驗表明體外Ubp-M接近於核小體底物,與組蛋白H2A去泛素化特異性相關,但是體外與體內都與H2B無關。
值得注意的是,研究人員敲除了HeLa細胞中的Ubp-M,結果發現細胞周期的有絲分裂過程受到影響,導致細胞生長緩慢,進一步研究則揭示Ubp-M引起的H2A去泛素過程是接下來的H3上Ser10的磷酸化,以及細胞進入有絲分裂過程中染色體分離(chromosome segregation)的必要條件。
而且研究人員也證實Ubp-M可以通過H2A去泛素化調控Hox基因表達,阻斷Ubp-M的功能會導致光滑爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)的生長缺陷。這些研究識別出了組蛋白H2A的主要去泛素化過程,也證明H2A去泛素化是細胞周期過程和基因表達的關鍵步驟。
原始出處:
Nature advance online publication 3 October 2007 | doi:10.1038/nature06256; Received 23 May 2007; Accepted 11 September 2007; Published online 3 October 2007
Regulation of cell cycle progression and gene expression by H2A deubiquitination
Heui-Yun Joo1,4, Ling Zhai1,4, Chunying Yang1, Shuyi Nie2, Hediye Erdjument-Bromage3, Paul Tempst3, Chenbei Chang2 & Hengbin Wang1
Correspondence to: Hengbin Wang1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to H.W. (Email: hbwang@uab.edu).
Post-translational histone modifications have important regulatory roles in chromatin structure and function1, 2, 3. One example of such modifications is histone ubiquitination, which occurs predominately on histone H2A and H2B. Although the recent identification of the ubiquitin ligase for histone H2A has revealed important roles for H2A ubiquitination in Hox gene silencing4, 5, 6 as well as in X-chromosome inactivation7, 8, the enzyme(s) involved in H2A deubiquitination and the function of H2A deubiquitination are not known. Here we report the identification and functional characterization of the major deubiquitinase for histone H2A, Ubp-M (also called USP16). Ubp-M prefers nucleosomal substrates in vitro, and specifically deubiquitinates histone H2A but not H2B in vitro and in vivo. Notably, knockdown of Ubp-M in HeLa cells results in slow cell growth rates owing to defects in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. Further studies reveal that H2A deubiquitination by Ubp-M is a prerequisite for subsequent phosphorylation of Ser 10 of H3 and chromosome segregation when cells enter mitosis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Ubp-M regulates Hox gene expression through H2A deubiquitination and that blocking the function of Ubp-M results in defective posterior development in Xenopus laevis. This study identifies the major deubiquitinase for histone H2A and demonstrates that H2A deubiquitination is critically involved in cell cycle progression and gene expression.
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2. Function of chromatin remodeling in signal transduction