2015年3月7日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --納米顆粒可以作為藥物運輸載體來幫助抵禦肺部癌症,近日,來自德國環境健康研究中心等處的研究人員通過研究開發出了一種新型納米顆粒載體,其可以在人類和小鼠的肺部的腫瘤位點實現位點選擇性地釋放藥物分子,這種方法或可增加當前癌症藥物對肺癌的作用效果,相關研究刊登於國際雜誌ACS Nano上。
納米顆粒是非常小的分子顆粒,其在醫藥領域可以被進行多種用途的修飾作用,比如納米顆粒可以被工程化操作來講藥物特異性地運輸至疾病位點,同時並不幹擾機體的健康組織。
首次在人類組織中證實選擇性藥物的運輸
研究人員開發的新型納米載體,其金輝在肺部腫瘤區域釋放攜帶的藥物,研究者Silke Meiners教授表示,研究結果顯示,我們可以利用這種新開發的納米顆粒首次實現在人類肺部腫瘤組織中的選擇性釋放。
腫瘤特異性的蛋白可以被用於釋放從納米載體上攜帶的藥物
肺部的腫瘤組織包含著高濃度的特殊蛋白酶類,這些酶類可以破碎並且對特殊蛋白進行切割,科學家們就利用了這一點來修飾攜帶保護層的納米載體,而其僅在蛋白酶存在的情況下才能夠被破碎,在破碎的過程中就會釋放出抗癌藥物進行腫瘤組織的靶向作用;健康肺部組織的蛋白酶濃度足夠低,以至於並不能夠破壞保護層,因此攜帶抗癌藥物的納米載體就可以持續性地對肺部癌症組織進行作用。
研究者Meiners說道,利用這些納米載體我們就可以選擇性地釋放藥物,比如特殊的化療製劑來殺滅肺癌細胞等,相比抗癌藥物自身作用肺癌組織而言,藥物在納米載體的攜帶下運輸至癌症組織後達到的藥物作用有效性是前者的10-25倍,同時這種納米載體攜帶的方法也可以有效降低所用藥物的劑量從而更加有效地降低研究者不希望看到的副作用。
後期研究中研究者希望進行體內實驗來檢測這種納米載體的有效性,並且在惡性肺部腫瘤的小鼠模型中進行其臨床作用效力的證實。(生物谷Bioon.com)
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Protease-Mediated Release of Chemotherapeutics from Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles to ex Vivo Human and Mouse Lung Tumors
Sabine H. van Rijt *†, Deniz A. Bölükbas †, Christian Argyo ‡, Stefan Datz ‡, Michael Lindner §, Oliver Eickelberg †, Melanie Königshoff †, Thomas Bein *‡, and Silke Meiners †
Nanoparticles allow for controlled and targeted drug delivery to diseased tissues and therefore bypass systemic side effects. Spatiotemporal control of drug release can be achieved by nanocarriers that respond to elevated levels of disease-specific enzymes. For example, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is overexpressed in tumors, is known to enhance the metastatic potency of malignant cells, and has been associated with poor prognosis of lung cancer. Here, we report the synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) tightly capped by avidin molecules via MMP9 sequence-specific linkers to allow for site-selective drug delivery in high-expressing MMP9 tumor areas. We provide proof-of-concept evidence for successful MMP9-triggered drug release from MSNs in human tumor cells and in mouse and human lung tumors using the novel technology of ex vivo 3D lung tissue cultures. This technique allows for translational testing of drug delivery strategies in diseased mouse and human tissue. Using this method we show MMP9-mediated release of cisplatin, which induced apoptotic cell death only in lung tumor regions of Kras mutant mice, without causing toxicity in tumor-free areas or in healthy mice. The MMP9-responsive nanoparticles also allowed for effective combinatorial drug delivery of cisplatin and proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which had a synergistic effect on the (therapeutic) efficiency. Importantly, we demonstrate the feasibility of MMP9-controlled drug release in human lung tumors.