環己二烯胺[8+2]與[4+2]環加成反應的機理和選擇性
作者:
小柯機器人發布時間:2021/1/13 15:46:25
美國加州大學洛杉磯分校K. N. Houk研究團隊揭示了環己二烯胺[8+2]與[4+2]環加成反應的機理和選擇性。相關研究成果於2021年1月8日發表國際知名學術期刊《美國化學會志》。
研究人員表示,取決於七氟乙烯上存在的取代基金雞納生物鹼催化的2-環己烯酮與肌醇酮和各種七氟乙烯的環加成反應生成[8+2]或[4+2]環加合物。
研究人員報導了含有二酯和巴比妥酸取代基的七氟乙烯的新實驗結果,結合計算研究闡明了控制[8+2]和[4+2]環加成途徑的因素,包括這些高階環加成的化學選擇性、區域選擇性和立體選擇性。質子化金雞納生物鹼伯胺催化劑與2-環己烯酮反應形成線性二胺中間體,隨後進行逐步的[8+2]或[4+2]環加成。對流層酮和不同的七氟乙烯最初均形成[8+2]環加合物。
最終產物是由[8+2]環加成反應的可逆性和[4+2]產物的相對熱穩定性決定的。其中質子化的催化劑和環庚三烯酮/庚富烯之間的立體相互作用區別,導致過渡態表現出立體異構體的結構區別。巴比妥酸七氟乙烯的[8+2]環加成得到的產物具有前所未有的五元環和六元環的反式融合,而從氰基七氟乙烯酯和二酯七氟乙烯中得到的[8+2]環加合物具有順式關係。利用ωB97X-D密度泛函的DFT計算解釋了立體選擇性的機理、熱力學和起源。
附:英文原文
Title: [8+2] vs [4+2] Cycloadditions of Cyclohexadienamines to Tropone and Heptafulvenes—Mechanisms and Selectivities
Author: Xiangyang Chen, Mathias Kirk Thgersen, Limin Yang, Rune F. Lauridsen, Xiao-Song Xue, Karl Anker Jrgensen, K. N. Houk
Issue&Volume: January 8, 2021
Abstract: The cinchona-alkaloid-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions of 2-cyclohexenone with tropone and various heptafulvenes give [8+2] or [4+2] cycloadducts, depending on the substituents present on the heptafulvene. We report the results of new experiments with heptafulvenes, containing diester and barbiturate substituents, which in combination with computational studies were performed to elucidate the factors controlling [8+2] vs [4+2] cycloaddition pathways, including chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivities of these higher-order cycloadditions. The protonated cinchona alkaloid primary amine catalyst reacts with 2-cyclohexenone to form a linear dienamine intermediate that subsequently undergoes a stepwise [8+2] or [4+2] cycloaddition. Both tropone and the different heptafulvenes initially form [8+2] cycloadducts. The final product is ultimately decided by the reversibility of the [8+2] cycloaddition and the relative thermal stability of the [4+2] products. The stereoisomeric transition states are distinguished by the steric interactions between the protonated catalyst and tropone/heptafulvenes. The [8+2] cycloaddition of barbiturate-heptafulvene afforded products with an unprecedented trans-fusion of the five- and six-membered rings, while the [8+2] cycloadducts obtained from cyanoester-heptafulvene and diester-heptafulvene were formed with a cis-relationship. The mechanism, thermodynamics, and origins of stereoselectivity were explained through DFT calculations using the ωB97X-D density functional.
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10966
Source: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.0c10966